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In earliar society, there were mainly four castes viz.,

1. 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺,
2. 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补,
3. 痴补颈艣测补 and
4. 艢奴诲谤补.

The first three were settled as dvij膩tis.^[1]

Due to anoloma and pratiloma marriages among these three castes there also developed several subcastes viz.,

1. 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补,
2. 础产丑颈峁�i办迟补,
3. 础尘产补峁ａ弓丑补,
4. Avira and
5. 膧产丑颈谤补.^[2]

颁补峁囜笉腻濒补:

In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, along with these four castes 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 presents one subcaste namely 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补. In the 颁腻苍诲测辞驳测补 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲, the 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 is ranked with the dog and the bear.^[3] According to Manu the 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 is a 惫补谤峁嘺蝉补峁僰补谤补 i.e. mixed caste and people belonging to this caste were lower or worse than 艢奴诲谤补 and he is produced from a 艢奴诲谤补 father and a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 mother.^[4] The 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 is an out caste.^[5] Further he says that 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 is the lowest of mortals. ^[6] The 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补 is wicked in his deed and killer of animals.^[7]

In the 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈鈥檚 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 also, 础驳丑辞谤补驳丑补峁囜弓补 and 碍补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻 were found as 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补s. They were merciless in killing the persons by various weapons.^[8] 碍补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻 was the disciple of Aghoraghanta and was a skull bearing practitioner of charms, who possessed miraculous power.^[9] They were engaged in sinful acts. In the 5^th act 碍补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻 was found in the temple of 碍补谤腻濒腻 nearby the cremation ground who gathered a special collection of materials for the worship of goddess 碍补谤腻濒腻 by the command of her preceptor 础驳丑辞谤补驳丑补峁囜弓补, for the attainment of miraculous power by incantations.^[10] They prepared 惭腻濒补迟墨 as a victim to worship goddess 碍补谤腻濒腻^[11] . Thus, 础驳丑辞谤补驳丑补峁囜弓补 raised his sword to kill 惭腻濒补迟墨 by offering 惭腻濒补迟墨 to the divine 碍补谤腻濒腻 at the commencement of the rite for making mantras efficacious.^[12]

As found in the 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈, the dwellings of 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补s are outside the villiage, they must be made untouchable and their dress is garments of the dead body.^[13] As it has been found that 碍补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻 was a night ranger, she had come from the 艢谤墨辫补谤惫补迟补 and she dwelt in a forest.^[14] 碍补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻 and 础驳丑辞谤补驳丑补峁囜弓补 wore the garments of the dead body.^[15]

During 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈鈥檚 time, besides these four castes viz. 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, 痴补颈艣测补 and 艢奴诲谤补 the reference of 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补s was also found verily in dealing with horrible deeds.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Medh膩tith墨 on 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈, V.168

[2]:

Ibid.,X.13

[3]:

tad ya iha rama峁嚹珁acara峁嚹� abhy膩so ha ytte rama峁吥珁膩峁� yonim膩padyoran br膩hma峁嘺yoni峁� va k峁�atriy膩yoni峁� v膩 vai艣yayoni峁� v膩tha ya iha kap奴yacara峁嚹�
补产丑测腻艣辞/
ha yatte kap奴y膩峁� yonim膩padyeran 艣vayoni峁� v膩 s奴karayoni峁� v膩 ca峁囜笉膩layoni峁� v膩 /Ch膩ndogya 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲,V.10.7

[4]:

惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈, X.12

[5]:

Ibid.,X.16

[6]:

肠补峁囜笉腻濒补艣肠补 苍补谤腻诲丑补尘补岣� /
Ibid.,X.26

[7]:

kravy膩dbhi艣ca hatasy膩nyai艣ca峁囜笉膩l膩dyai艣ca dasyubhi岣� /
Ibid., V.131

[8]:

vy膩ghr膩ghr膩tam峁沢墨k峁沺膩kulam峁沢any膩yena hi峁僺膩ruse岣� /
辫腻辫补 pr膩峁噛upah膩raketanaju峁�a岣� pr膩ptoasi me gocaram //
so鈥焌ha峁� pr膩gbhavataiva bh奴tajanan墨m峁沝hnomi kha峁単膩hoti /
chinnaskandhakavandha randrarudhirapr膩gbh膩r膩ni岣�syamdin膩 //
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, V. 29

[9]:

mu峁囜笉adh膩ri峁噊鈥焔horagha峁囜弓an膩madheyasy膩ntev膩sin墨 mah膩prabh膩v膩
办补辫腻濒补办耻峁囜笉补濒腻/
Ibid.,I.p.19

[10]:

ida峁� t膩vatpur膩峁嘺nimbatail膩ktaparibh峁沯ya m膩narasonagandhibhi艣cit膩dh奴mai岣� purast膩dvibh膩vitasya 尘补丑补迟补岣� 艣ma艣膩nav膩峁璦sya ned墨ya岣� kar膩l膩yatana峁� yatra paryavasitamantras膩dhanas y膩smadguroraghoragha峁囜弓asy膩j帽ay膩 savi艣e 峁�amadyap奴j膩sa峁僢h膩ro 尘补测腻 sa峁僴idh膩pan墨ya岣� /
Ibid.,, V.p.97

[11]:

迟补迟补岣� pravi艣ato devat膩rcanavyagro kap膩laku峁囜笉al膩ghoragha峁囜弓o k峁泃avadhyaci岣�n膩 m膩lat墨 ca /
Ibid.,p.108

[12]:

(艣补蝉迟谤补尘耻诲测补尘测补) : yadastu tadastu vy膩p膩day膩mi /
肠腻尘耻峁囜笉别 产丑补驳补惫补迟墨 mantras膩dhan膩d膩 /
vudi峁ａ弓膩mupanihit膩峁� bhajasva p奴j膩m //
Ibid.,V.p.112

[13]:

ca峁囜笉膩la 艣vapac膩n膩峁� tu vahira gr膩m膩t 辫谤补迟颈艣谤补测补岣� /
apap膩tr膩艣ca kartavy膩 dhanam e峁Ｄ佱箖 艣va gardabham /
惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈, X.51 v膩s膩峁僺i m峁泃acail膩ni bhinnabh膩峁囜笉e峁�u bhojanam /
Ibid., X.52

[14]:

tatra khalu 艣r墨parvat膩d膩gatasya r膩trivih膩ri峁噊 n膩tid奴r膩ra峁噛av膩sina岣� s膩dhakasya mu峁囜笉adh膩ri峁噊鈥焔horagha峁囜弓an膩madheyasy膩ntev膩sin墨 mah膩prabh膩v膩
kap膩laku峁囜笉al膩 n膩m膩nusandhya峁� sam膩gachati /
tat iya峁� 辫谤补惫峁泃迟颈岣� //
Ibid.,I.p.19

[15]:

奴谤诲丑惫补峁� dh奴noti v膩yuviv峁泃a艣ava艣ira岣ヅ況e峁噄ku帽je峁�u 驳耻帽箩补 /
nnutt膩la岣� ki峁僰i峁嚹玭膩manavaratara峁嘺tk膩rahetu岣� 辫补迟腻办腻岣� //
Ibid., V.4