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In political view, the 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a means the undivided India, which is laying form the 贬颈尘腻濒补测腻 range southern ocean.

It is consists of nine countries i.e.

1. 莫苍诲谤补诲惫墨辫补 [滨苍诲谤补诲惫墨辫补?],
2. 碍补艣别谤耻尘腻苍,
3. 罢腻尘谤补辫补谤峁嘺,
4. 骋补产丑补蝉迟颈尘腻苍,
5. 狈腻驳补诲惫墨辫补,
6. Saumya,
7. 骋腻苍诲丑补谤惫补,
8. 痴补谤耻峁嘺 and
9. 碍耻尘腻谤墨诲惫墨辫补.

In the K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩, 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 mentions that the one 厂颈峁僪补岣穉 [厂颈峁僪补濒补] instead of 碍补艣别谤耻尘腻苍 in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. The modern geographers think that, 鈥榯hese nine parts of 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a doesn鈥檛 correspond to the modern cities of 叠丑腻谤补迟补. They posit that the greater 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a is extends to the coast of modern East-Indies鈥�^[1] and thus they try to identify the nine-parts with the Burma, Malayan, Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Ceylon etc. But this modern concept is differing from the 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺鈥檚 concepts of geography of 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a. Because, in the 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a lies north of the sea and south of 贬颈尘补惫腻苍 and it extend from nine thousand Yojanas from 碍耻尘腻谤颈办测补 to 骋补峁単腻.

However 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺 mentions nineparts but there does not mentions its total nine names gives only eight i.e.

鈥�bh膩ratasy膩 var峁�asya nava bhed膩岣� prak墨rtit膩岣� |
samudr膩ntarit膩 帽jey膩ste tvagamy膩岣� parasparam ||
颈苍诲谤补诲惫墨辫补岣� kaseru艣ca t膩mrapar峁噊 gabhastim膩n |
n膩gadv墨pastath膩 saumyo gandharvastvatha 惫腻谤耻峁嘺岣� ||
补测补峁� tu navamaste峁Ｄ佱箖 诲惫墨辫补岣� 蝉腻驳补谤补蝉峁涐箖惫补迟补岣� |
测辞箩补苍腻苍腻峁� 蝉补丑补蝉谤补峁� tu dv墨po'ya峁� dak峁�i峁噊ttaram || 鈥�

- 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺: XXXII/ 6/ 12

Then, the division of 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a into nine 碍丑补峁囜笉补蝉 is mentioned in the 厂颈诲诲丑腻苍迟补艣颈谤辞尘辞峁噄 of the celebrated astronomer 叠丑腻峁�k补谤腻肠腻谤测补 also.^[2] Beside these in the 痴腻尘补苍补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 厂办补苍诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 and 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 also refer the name of 碍耻尘腻谤墨诲惫墨辫补.

This 鈥�颁补办谤补惫补谤迟颈办峁�e迟谤补鈥� of the earth is extends to the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉 from southern ocean, and who wins all these nine 办丑补峁囜笉补蝉 with his prowess is known as the 鈥榚mperor鈥� or 鈥�Cakravarti鈥�.

C.f.

鈥�t膩nyet膩ni yo jayati sa samr膩岣峣tyucyate | ku m膩r墨pur膩tprabh峁泃i  bindusaro'vadhi 测辞箩补苍腻苍腻峁� da艣a艣at墨 cakravartik峁�etram | t膩峁� vijayam膩na艣cakravart墨 bhavati 触鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-XVII, Pp- 92

Here 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 is found to influence by 碍补耻峁璱濒测补 and 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺.^[3]

Then 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 gives the signs of 鈥�Cakravarti emperor鈥� as:

鈥�肠补办谤补峁� ratho ma峁噄rbh膩ry膩 nidhira艣vo gajastath膩 |
prokt膩ni sapta 谤补迟苍腻苍颈 sarve峁Ｄ佱箖 cakravarttan膩m || 鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-XVII, Pp- 92

[闯补尘产奴-诲惫墨辫补; 尝补惫补峁嘺 厂腻驳补谤补; 艢峁涐箙驳补惫腻苍 Kuru; 艢惫别迟补; 贬颈谤补峁噈补测补; 狈墨濒补; Ramyaka; Meru; 滨濒腻-惫峁泃补; 狈颈峁Ｄ乨丑补; 贬补谤颈惫补谤峁�a; 贬别尘补办奴峁璦; 碍颈峁僷耻谤耻峁�a; 贬颈尘补惫腻苍; 叠丑腻谤补迟补.]

[Based on the M. R. Singh, Geographical Data in the Early Puranas: A Critical Study, 1972, Pp-3, Diagram no- 1]

The seven Kulaparvatas of 碍耻尘腻谤补诲惫墨辫补 are consisting by:

1. Vindhya,
2. 笔腻谤颈测腻迟谤补,
3. 艢耻办迟颈尘腻苍,
4. 峁歬峁�a辫补谤惫补苍,
5. Mahendra,
6. Sahya and
7. Malaya.

C.f.

鈥�vindhya艣ca p膩riy膩tra艣ca 艣uktim膩n峁沰峁�aparvata岣� |
mahendrasahyamalay膩岣� saptaite ku laparvat膩岣� || 鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-XVII, Pp- 92

In the 痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺 also mentioned these names^[4].

Among them, Vindhya is get the most prominent place and Malaya Mountain are divided into four types. C.f.

鈥�tatra vindhy膩daya岣� prat墨tasvarup膩岣� |
malayavi艣e峁Ｄ乻tu catv膩ra岣� || 鈥�

- K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Ch-XVII, Pp- 92

The region between the eastern and western oceans and in the center of 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉 and the Vindhyas there is known as 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟补. There are four 惫补谤峁嘺蝉 (classes) and four 腻艣谤补尘补 (stages) of people prevalent in 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟迟补. This forms of their life and system is the basis for society and makes the poet perfect 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 argue that the poets should follow the tradition prevalent in 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟迟补 in their descriptions.

In the 叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补鈥檚 顿丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补 identifies the place between the 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 River and the 碍腻濒补 kavana (a place near 笔谤补测腻驳补) known as 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补. In the 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈, this region calls 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟迟补 and identifies it as on 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补. Moreover, it is extending from the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉 in the north to the Vindhyas in the south, from the 痴颈苍腻艣补苍补 in the west, and the 笔谤补测腻驳补 in the east^[5]. 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 mention this region as 础苍迟补谤惫别诲墨.^[6]

[Inner and outer concept of 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a according to Manu鈥斈�谤测腻惫补谤迟补; 叠谤补丑尘腻惫补谤迟补; 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补; Brahmar峁�ide艣a.]

In ancient Indian tradition 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a is divided into five parts i.e.

1. 笔奴谤惫补诲别艣补,
2. 鲍迟迟补谤腻辫补迟丑补,
3. 笔补艣肠腻诲诲别艣补,
4. 顿补办峁�i峁嚹乸补迟丑补 and
5. 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补.

In the K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩, 搁腻箩补艣办丑补谤补 says that the 笔奴谤惫补诲别艣补 is the region to the east of Benarasa, the north side of 笔峁泃丑耻诲补办补 is 鲍迟迟补谤腻辫补迟丑补, the west side of 顿别惫补蝉补产丑腻 is the 笔补艣肠腻诲诲别艣补, the southern part of 惭腻丑颈峁�m腻迟颈 is the 顿补办峁�i峁嚹乸补迟丑补 and the region between these four parts is the 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补.

[搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补鈥檚 divisions of 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a鈥敱�迟迟补谤腻辫补迟丑��; 笔补艣肠腻诲诲别艣补; 笔奴谤惫补诲别艣补; 惭补诲丑测补诲别艣补; 顿补办峁�i峁嚹乸补迟丑补.]

The region lying into the 痴颈苍补艣补苍补 and 笔谤补测腻驳补, 骋补峁単腻 and 闯补尘耻苍腻 is known by 础苍迟补谤惫别诲墨. This is may be seems with the 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟迟补 of ancient text of 笔补迟补帽箩补濒颈, here the five division mentions in the 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补 in his K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 is seems to the similar with the five division of 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 Bhuvanako峁�a part.

[笔补迟补帽箩补濒颈鈥檚 concepts of 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟补鈥擨ndo-Greek; Fair 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉 Vs Dark Non-叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉; 膧谤测腻惫补谤迟补, according to 笔补迟补帽箩补濒颈.]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

S.M. Ali, The Geography of the Puranas, Peoples Publishing House, N. Delhi, 1966, Pp-127

[2]:

Ibid, Op. Cit., Pp-126

[3]:

痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺: XXXII/ 17

[4]:

痴腻测耻辫耻谤腻峁嘺: XXXII/ 19

[5]:

Manusmriti: II/ 22

[6]:

K膩vyam墨m膩峁僺膩 of 搁腻箩补艣别办丑补谤补: Pp- 93