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The number of 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 has been considered eighteen since ancient times. The names of these 鈥�A峁ａ弓膩da艣a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 鈥� (eighteen 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 ) are usually available in each 笔耻谤腻峁嘺.

顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 (Skanda 1, chapter 3, 艣濒辞办补 21) has written the instruction of the eighteen 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 in this miniature Anu峁ａ弓upa with the instruction of the primitive alphabets.

尘补诲惫补测补峁� 产丑补诲惫补测补峁� caiva bratraya峁� vacanu峁ａ弓ayam |
补苍腻辫补诲濒濒颈峁単补-ku-sk膩ni pur膩峁嚹乶i p峁泃haka-p峁泃haka ||

By 鈥�ma 鈥� (Ma) two 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 鈥�Matsya and 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补 , by 鈥�bha 鈥� (Bha) two 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 鈥�叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 and 叠丑补惫颈峁�y补 , by 鈥�bra (Bra) three 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 鈥�Brahma, Brahmavaivarta and 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉补 , by 鈥�va 鈥� (Va) four 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 鈥�痴腻尘补苍补, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 , 痴腻测耻 and 痴补谤腻丑补 , by 鈥�a 鈥� (A)鈥�Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , by 鈥�na 鈥� (Na)鈥�N膩rada 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , by 鈥�pad 鈥� (Pad)鈥�Padma 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , by 鈥�li 鈥� (Li)鈥�尝颈峁単补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , by 鈥�ga 鈥� (Ga)鈥�Garuda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , by 鈥�ku 鈥� (Ku)鈥�碍奴谤尘补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 and by 鈥�ska 鈥� (Ska)鈥�Skanda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺.

The direction of these 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 in the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 (3/6/20鈥�24) and 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 (12/13/3鈥�8) etc. are according to a specific sequence and the same sequence and name are also available in other 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉鈥�

1. Brahma,
2. Padma,
3. 痴颈峁ａ箛耻,
4. 艢颈惫补,
5. 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补,
6. 狈腻谤补诲墨测补,
7. 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补,
8. Agni,
9. 叠丑补惫颈峁�y补,
10. Brahmavaivarta,
11. 尝颈峁単补,
12. 痴补谤腻丑补,
13. Skanda,
14. 痴腻尘补苍补,
15. 碍奴谤尘补,
16. Matsya,
17. Garuda,
18. 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉补.

According to the 惭补丑补谤峁�i 痴测腻蝉补诲别惫补鈥�

产谤腻丑尘补峁� 辫腻诲尘补峁� 惫补颈峁ａ箛补惫补帽肠补 艣补颈惫补峁� 产丑腻驳补惫补迟补峁� tath膩 |
tath膩nyann膩rad墨ya峁� ca m膩rka峁囜笉eya峁� ca saptamam || 
膩gneyama峁ａ弓ama峁� caiva bhavi峁�ya峁� navama峁� tath膩 |
da艣ama峁� brahmarvaivarta峁� lai峁単amek膩da艣a峁� sm峁泃am ||
v膩r膩ha峁� dv膩da艣a峁� caiva sk膩nda峁� c膩tra trayoda艣am |
caturda艣a峁� v膩manaka峁� kaurma pa帽cada艣a峁� tath膩 || 
m膩tsya ca garu岣峚峁� caiva brahm膩峁囜笉a帽ca tata岣� param |
mah膩pur膩峁嚹乶yet膩ni hya峁ａ弓膩da艣a mah膩mune ||
  痴颈峁ａ箛耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 (3/6/21鈥�24).

These names also are in the same sequence in the 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 (Ch-12/7/23鈥�25). In other 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 there are a few variations. In the list, the 碍奴谤尘补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 omits the Agni and exchanges with 痴腻测耻 .^[1] The Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 exchanges the 艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 with the 痴腻测耻 leaves out the Garuda and 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉补 and substitutes the 痴腻测耻 and 狈补谤补蝉颈峁僪补 . Like 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 , the 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 omits the 痴腻测耻 . The Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 also omits the 艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 as Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 . All the aforesaid 笔耻腻峁嘺蝉 are considered as the 惭补丑腻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 or Major 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 . And from 惭补丑腻 31

笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 the eighteen Upa-笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 or Minor 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 are originated.

According to the Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺鈥�

a峁ａ弓膩da艣abhyastu p峁泃hakapur膩峁嘺峁� yat pradiyate |
vij膩n墨dhva峁� dvija艣re峁ａ弓h膩stadetebhyovinirgatam ||
  Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 (53/68)

There are also eighteen 鲍辫补辫耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 . We get the sequence of 鲍辫补辫耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 in many 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 .

According to the 碍奴谤尘补-笔耻谤腻峁嘺鈥�

腻诲测补峁� sanatkum膩rokta峁� n膩rasi峁僪amabh膩param |
t峁泃墨ya峁� skandamuddi峁ａ弓a峁� kum膩re峁嘺 ca bh膩峁�itam ||
caturtha峁� 艣ivadharm膩ravya峁� s膩k峁Ｄ乶tand墨艣abh膩峁�itam |
durv膩sasoktam膩艣carya n膩rad墨yama岣� param ||
kapila v膩mana峁� caiva tathaivo艣anaseritam |
产谤补丑尘补峁囜笉补峁� 惫腻谤耻峁嘺峁� c膩tha k膩lik膩hvayameva ca || 
m膩he艣vara峁� tath膩 艣amva峁� saura峁� sarv膩rthasacayam |
par膩艣aroktamapara峁� m膩r墨ca峁� bh膩skar膩hvayam |

So the names of Upa-笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 are according the above 艣濒辞办补鈥�膧诲颈, 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补, 狈补谤补蝉颈峁僪补, Skanda, 艢颈惫补, 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补, 狈腻谤补诲墨测补, Kapila, 痴腻尘补苍补, 础耻艣补苍补蝉补, 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉补, 痴补谤耻峁嘺, 碍腻濒颈办腻, 惭腻丑别艣惫补谤补, 艢膩mva, Saura, 笔腻谤腻艣补谤补, 惭腻谤墨肠补 and 叠丑腻蝉办补谤补 . This name sequence is also in the 顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 , Skanda, Matsya, Garuda 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 . But on the other side there are another sequence of name in the 痴峁沨补迟惫颈惫别办补 . The sequence is鈥�厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补, 狈腻谤补诲墨测补, V峁沨ann膩rad墨ya, 膧诲颈迟测补, 厂奴谤测补, N膩ndike艣vara, Kourma, 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 , 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, 叠丑腻谤驳补惫补, Mudgala, Kalki, 顿别惫墨, 惭补丑腻bh膩gavam, V峁沨addharma, 笔补谤腻苍补苍诲补, Vanhi, 贬补谤颈惫补峁兣沘.

In Sanskrit literature, the number eighteen is considered very sacred, comprehensive and glorious. The number of episodes of the 惭补丑腻bh膩rata are eighteen, the number of chapters of the 艢谤墨尘补诲产丑腻驳补惫补迟补驳墨迟腻 are eighteen and the number of verses of 艢谤墨尘补诲产丑腻驳补惫补迟补 are eighteen thousand. Similarly, the number of 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 are also unanimously eighteen. Scholars believe that these numbers of 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 are not unhelpful but are tolerable and to show this intention, many scholars have shown many causes in their texts.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Matsya 笔耻谤腻峁嘺鈥�53/67, 68