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Maha Lakshmi: Origin.鈥擳here is a mention in the Devibhagavata-purana that a Goddess arose from the left side of Krsna, was very beautiful and dark in colour and was having all the charms of a female beauty, this female divinity which emerged was twelve years old. She divided herself into two parts. The part which was to the right was Radha and she chose the two armed Krsna, while one who was to the left was known as Mahalakshmi and she chose the four armed Visnu. Laksmi is so called because she looks at the world with a cooling eye. She is Great and hence is known as Mahalaksmi. By her yogic powers, Mahalaksmi became manifold. Mahalaksmi is full of Sattvaguna, stays in the Vaikunta, She is endowed with all sorts of wealth and prosperity and is an ideal for all women folk 200 An interesting point about Mahalakshmi, is that the Goddess Sri Mahalaksmigets annoyed with such a person who does not marry a woman who has come to him spontaneously 201 Mahalaksmi -idol form. Mahalaksmi is the supra-form of the goddess Laksmi. The prefix Maha indicates her greatnesses and powers. There is a description of 200 Devibhagavata-purana BK.9 Ch. XXXIX 201 Devibhagavata-purana Bk.9 Ch.XIV

chapter II Major goddesses 136 her as the destroyer of Mahisasura and having eighteen hands. In her eighteen hands she holds the following accessories. -Aksamala - or a rosary, Parasu or the Pickaxe, the mace, arrows, thunderbolt or Kulisa, lotus, bow, Kunda or the students water pot, staff, Sakti (a lance), Sword, Carma a piece of skin used as an armour in defence mechanism, noose, the spear or trident and a discus 202. Mahalaksmi : Worship. The goddess Mahalakshmi was worshipped by the celestials to the mortals for various reasons. Mahalaksmi was worshipped first by Narayana, then was worshipped by Brahma and then by Sankara and also by Indra and Manu 203 In the Tantra 204 worship is offered to the goddess as part of the PancaPancika Pooja. In this, the goddess Laksmi is worshipped in the following five forms as (i) Sri Vidya Laksmi (ii) Ekaksara Laksmi (iii) Maha Laksmi (iv) Trisakti Laksmi (v) Sarvasamrajya Lakshmi. Worship-Period. She was worshipped by Brahma in the month if Bhadrapada on the eight day of the bright fortnight and on the eight day of the dark fortnight. 202 Devibhagavata-purana Bk.9 Ch IV 203 Devibhagavata-purana Bk.9 Ch. XXXIX 204 SVTCH. VII

chapter II Major goddesses 137 She was worshipped by Visnu in the month of Paush, Caitra, Bhadrapada and was worshipped on meritious Tuesdays. Manu worshipped her on Pausa Sankranti day and on auspicious Tuesdays of the Magha month. 2 She is the presiding deity of wealth. The Devibhagavata-purana 205 states that the person who worship the goddess Mahalaksmi for a fortnight beginning from the eight day of the Saran-Navaratri, he remains in the 'Go-loka' for fourteen 'Indra-yearS. Mahalaksmivrata Yama while instructing Savitri about the details of the 'Savitri Vrta' in the course of his explanation mentions about Mahalaksmi Vrta 206. He states that the Mahalaksmi -Vrta be taken on the eighth day of the bright fortnight of the month of Bhadrapad. This Vow should be undertaken for a period of sixteen years and should be continuous and without a break. MAHA LAKSMI - Some peculiar adjectives In the Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa we find that the Goddess Mahalaksmi addressed as the feminine form of the Masculine Visnu's adjective 207. is They are Narayanii, Keshavi, Madhavi, Harivallabha, Govinda, Vaishnavi, Trivikrama, Vamana, Sridhara, Rishikesha, 205 Devibhagavata-purana Bk.9 C. XXX Devibhagavata-purana Bk.9 Ch:39,P. 956, 957 206 207 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa, C.9 V. 9.28/pg. 45, V.9.29/pg. 46

chapter II Major goddesses 138 Isharanjika, Bilwapriya 208 i.e. she likes the Bilva tree, Bilva leaves and the Bilva fruit. Mahalaksmi Mantra Various types of mantras occur in the literature which are for seeking the grace of the goddesses Mahalaksmi. Some of them are as follows Two types of the mantra are given which are as follows 209 (i) Aim HrimSrimKlim Sau. (ii) Om SrimHrimSrimKamale Kamalanane prasida prasida Mahalaksmyai Namah. MAHALAKSHMI - Physical description. The goddess Mahalakshmi has four hands. She holds the following in her four hands. They are as follows one holding lotuses 210. The second hand exhibits the gesture of grace and the third that of dismal of fear and the fourth holding a ruby vessel²11. It further states is of the colour of boiling Java plum river 208 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 14.161 b/p. 92 209 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa IV. 8-10 210 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.60. 211 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.63

chapter II Major goddesses - 'Tapta-jambu-nada-prakhya² 139 There is mention of trees and flowers which are there in the likings of Mahalakshmi who in the island 'Ratna' by name which is in the milk ocean and surrounded by Trees and shrubs Champak, Asoka, Punnaga, Patula, Lavanga, Madhavi, Bilva, Devadaru, Mandara, Parijata. Etc. Kalpavruksha, Canda na, Karnikara, Matulunga, Vanjula, Pomegranate, Ankola, Puga, Kurava, Plantain, Kunda, Mandara, coconut 213. Other Aromatic shrubs as - Malati, Mallika, Jati, Ketaki, Satapatra, Sevanti, Tulasi. These trees surround the island and a mild gentle breeze blows around. Abound in the sweet music / cries of birds as the Hamsa, Sarasa, Kraunca, Cakranermi etc... The Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 215 speaks of different ramparts like the Pusparaga-prakara, Padmaraga-prakara, Gomedha-prakaara, Vajraprakara, Vaiduryaratna-prakara, Indranilamaya-prakara, Muktamayaprakara, Rampart of gold, Rampart of silver, Rampart of coral. There is a well of nectar of happiness, well of 'Vimarsh', and pavement of large gems. 212 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 12. 70 b. 213 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa V. 1-6 214 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa V.7 215 Op cit. V.9 b-11

chapter II Major goddesses MANTRA A Monosyllabled Mantra is given in the Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa which is as follows: The monosyllabled Mantra is Sri. 140 Description of the monosyllabled goddesses. The dhyana for the mono syllabled mantra mentions the goddesses to be having four hands - One holding two lotuses, the other two depicting the Abhaya and Varada gestures. She is said to hold a ruby vessel apart fom these to bestow and fulfill the desire of worshippers. A fourteen lettered mantra 216 is mentioned. The goddesses of the fourteen syllabled mantra is as follows- Mention the goddess wearing a white and red coloured silk - (Shukla-anga-raga-anshukam) four hands holding the following- two lotuses in one hand, one holding a Vasu Patra, the other showing the Gesture of dismissal of fear ²17. Mahalaksmi in the form of water. The Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa states that the devotee should worship the water as the form of Mahalaksmispecially 218 the procedure is as follows: - Taking water in the right hand, consecrating it by uttering the root mantra seven times and sprinkling it on the fore-head thinking that I 216 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 6.19 - P. 28, 29. 217 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 6.24 218 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.23 a- Teerthrupaan Maha Laksmi n Namaskuryadwisheshhvit !

chapter II Major goddesses 141 have taken a bath. Thus, with such a purified body one performs the Sandhya ritual 219 Maha Laksmi - one goddesses many form. The goddess Laksmi is contemplated in different forms at different parts of the day while performing the tantric Sandhya ritual. As such the goddess Laksmi assumes the following forms - - - - Goddess Vagiswari be contemplated at Morning 220 Goddess Maha Sakti to be contemplated at Mid-day 221 222 Goddess Visnupatni be contemplated at evening 22 Grace of Mahalakshmi. The goddess Mahalaksmi is gracious to those who worship her and showers her grace. Below is a list of those divinities who obtained the grace of the goddesses 223. 1) Visnu-got- unparalleled wealth. 2) Taksya Garuda Got - Body of Mantra in the form of Meter. 3) Vagisvari - The wealth of speech 4) Parvati-half body of SamBhu 5) Dharani / Earth - Kshama or forbearance. 219 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.43, 44. 220 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.56.b 221 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.57.a 222 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 8.57.b 223 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa III 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23

chapter II Major goddesses Siddha Laksmi 142 The Goddess Laksmi is said to be seated on the lap of Ganesa holding a lotus in hand 224.The Goddess Siddha Laksmi has four hands. She holds the following in her four hands - Golden pot; the Gesture of Allay of fear, & 2 lotuses 225. Mentions the Goddess Siddha Laksmi to be placed on the northern triangle of the five triangle's and is stated to be the giver of victory 226. The Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa, states that Laksmi is yellowish in colour 227. Iconographic details. According to the Meghaduta 228, the iconographic details of the goddess Siddha Laksmi are as follows. She has a complexion which is red like the dawn. She has four hands and holds the following in them. The right hand shows the gesture of blessings and the left hand the gesture of boon. Both the top hands hold a lotus each. She sits on a lotus and wears a large ruby ear ornament. Temples. Special temples are built for the goddess Maha Laksmi. One is in the interior of Maharastra at Kolhapur. The temple is in the 224 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 9.83. 225 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 9.88. 226 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 10.13 b. 227 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 12. 60 a. 228 Meghaduta P.35.

chapter II Major goddesses 143 shape of the Sri yantra and the goddess has four hands. She is standing and is performing penance to be united with her husband MahaVisnu. The second one is at Mumbai the capital of Maharastra. The goddess is in the form of unsculpted stone to which a mask of gold is put. She is in the company of the two goddesses MahaKali and Mahasarasvati the temple is on the shore of the sea. The association of Laksmi with waters as the daughter of the sea is well-known. Waters stand for life, fertility and prosperity. And the goddess Laksmi bestows life into the crops, she makes the land rich and prosperous. MAHALAKSMI- ATTENDENT The goddesses Mahalaksmis waited upon by many attendents. Thr of her attendents who hold special charge are taken for the purpose of study. They are Hasanti, Madanavati and Annada. Z Hasanti. Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 229 Mentions of the goddess Hasanti, as the attendant of Maha Laksmi. This goddess is said to hold a bamboo stick in her hand and is propitiated for the pacification of obstacles by Mantras. She is said to laugh aloud. She is said to be black in colour, large body, and is a destroyer of all deeds (against the sadhaka) and holds a 229 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa C. 9.65 / p. 49

chapter II Major goddesses 144 trident and noose in hand. She is propitiated for the elimination of ones enemies 230 A parallel to this goddesses in the Saivaite goddesses is either the goddess Varahi or the goddess Kali. Madanavati. This Goddess is worshipped for the elimination of ones enemies and is said to be holding a parrot in her hand 231. A parallel to this goddess in the Saivaite form is the goddesses Matangini or Dandanayika. Annada. This Goddess is mentioned as a sub-Goddess of Mahalakshmi to whom the entire Sricakra-puja is offered. She is said to be holding a vessel full of 'Milk-rice' and a ruby studded ladle in the other. She is worshipped to obtain in the desired food²³2. A parallel to this goddess is the goddess Annapoornesvari of the Saivaites. 230 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 9.66 P.49 231 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 9.68 P.49 232 Mahalakshmi Ratnakosa 9.76/P. 50