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础尘补谤补办辞艣补 mentions the general and special terms related to sacrifices (II. 7. 8; p. 164) such as鈥�测补箩帽补鈥搒补肠谤颈蹿颈肠别, 辫谤腻驳惫补峁兣沘鈥搑oom in front of the offerings, 蝉补诲补蝉测腻鈥揵测-蝉迟补苍诲别谤蝉, adhvaryu...鈥搑eciters of prayer, vedi鈥揳濒迟补谤, 蝉迟丑补峁囜笉颈濒补鈥搒acrificial ground, 肠补峁Ｄ乴补鈥�ring on the post, 办耻尘产腻鈥揳n enclosure, tarma鈥搕op of the post, 补谤补峁噄鈥搘ood for lighting a fire, 迟谤别迟腻鈥搕he three sacred fires, 补驳苍腻测墨鈥搘ife of fire, etc.

(a) Sacrifice and officiating priests:

顿墨办峁�i迟补岣� (II. 7. 8; p. 164)鈥揝acrificer in Soma: One who performs the Soma sacrifice is denoted as 诲墨办峁�i迟补岣�.

Commenting on the word 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 mentions the seven forms of Soma sacrifices as mentioned b y Gautama (VIII. 21) as follows:

1. 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补,
2. 础迟测补驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补,
3. 鲍办迟丑测补岣�,
4. 峁�o岣峚艣墨,
5. 痴腻箩补辫别测补,
6. 础迟颈谤腻迟谤补 and
7. 础辫迟辞谤测腻尘补鈥�

sa 惫谤补迟墨 som膩dhvare d墨k峁�it膩khya岣� 诲墨办峁Ｄ� sa峁僯膩t膩syeti |
somap膩n膩gni峁ａ弓om膩dikratu岣� |
yad 驳补耻迟补尘补岣�鈥�膩gni峁ａ弓omo'tyagni峁ａ弓oma ukthya岣� 峁�o岣峚艣墨 |
v膩japeyo'tir膩tro'ptory膩ma iyi 蝉辞尘补蝉补峁僺迟丑补 ||

The one who performs the sacrifice is called 测补箩补尘腻苍补. He is also called a 惫谤补迟墨 in general and in the Soma sacrifices is called a 诲墨办峁�i迟补. The 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补, is a one day sacrifice and is a model of all Soma sacrifices. The 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 forms an integral part of 闯测辞迟颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 that they are often considered to be the same. The Soma sacrifices are classified on the basis of the number of days the sacrifices are performed. The sacrifice performed on a single day is called 别办腻丑补, while those performed for more than one day upto twelve days is called 补丑墨苍补 and celebrated extending over more than twelve days is both 补丑墨苍补 and sattra (Jaimini. X. 6. 60-1).

础驳苍墨诲丑谤补^[1] (II. 7. 17; p. 166)鈥揙fficiating priest: 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 mentions that the priests like 补驳苍墨诲丑谤补 and others are the ones who officiate a sacrifice.

碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 lists names of seventeen priests who happen to be the priests required to perform the Soma sacrifice viz.,

1. 补驳苍墨诲丑谤腻,
2. 辫辞迟峁�,
3. 辫谤补艣腻蝉迟峁�,
4. 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺,
5. 腻肠肠丑补峁僺测补,
6. 补肠肠丑腻,
7. 惫腻驳,
8. 驳谤腻惫补蝉迟耻诲,
9. brahma,
10. 尘补颈迟谤腻惫补谤耻峁嘺,
11. 辫谤补迟颈辫谤补蝉迟腻迟峁�,
12. 辫谤补迟颈丑补苍迟峁�,
13. 苍别峁ａ弓谤耻,
14. 苍别迟峁�,
15. 蝉耻产谤补丑尘补峁噛补,
16. 耻诲驳腻迟峁� and
17. sadasya鈥�

膩dya艣abd膩t辫辞迟峁涒�敱璋�补艣腻蝉迟峁沚r膩hma峁嚹乧cha峁僺y补肠肠丑腻v膩ggr膩vastudbrahma尘补颈迟谤腻惫补谤耻峁嘺鈥�辫谤补迟颈辫谤补蝉迟腻迟峁涒�攑ratihant峁涒�攏e峁ａ弓ru苍别迟峁泂ubrahma峁噛膩岣� | ittha峁� 蝉补诲补蝉测腻岣� 蝉补辫迟补诲补艣补 峁泃vij膩岣� |

From the 蝉尘峁泃颈 texts (膧艣惫补濒腻测补苍补 艣谤补耻迟补 IV. 1. 6 and 膧pasthamba 艣谤补耻迟补 X. 1. 9) it is understood that the Soma sacrifice required 16 priests and some added sadasya as the seventeenth.

(b) Offerings in the sacrifice:

膧尘颈办峁Ｄ�^[2] (II. 7. 23; p. 167)鈥揙ffering: 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 mentions that 腻尘颈办峁Ｄ�^[3] is solid that is obtained when curd is added to hot milk.

碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 supplements this with the quotation from 艢谤耻迟颈 adding the information that it was a special offering to the 痴颈艣惫别诲别惫补蝉鈥�

pakve tapte ca k峁Ｄ玶e dadhiyojan膩d腻尘颈办峁Ｄ� 鈥�pakve payasi dadhy膩nayati s膩 惫补颈艣惫补诲别惫测腻尘颈办峁�e迟颈鈥� 艣谤耻迟颈岣� 膩m墨yate prak峁�ipyate dadhyatreti |

The first 颁腻迟耻谤尘腻蝉测补 is called 痴补颈艣惫补诲别惫补 because the most characteristic offering in it is the 腻尘颈办峁Ｄ� offering to all gods^[4].

艢补尘补苍补峁� (II. 7. 26; p. 168)鈥�

[Immolation of animals:]

The existence of animal sacrifice is also mentioned. 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 mentions the word 艣补尘补苍补尘 and 辫谤辞办峁�a峁嘺尘 to denote immolation of animals while 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 specifies that 艣补蝉补苍补峁�^[5] is the right reading and adds that the offering of the animal is done only after the 辫谤辞办峁�a峁嘺尘鈥�

艣补蝉补苍补峁� iti tu 测耻办迟补岣� 辫腻峁环补岣� 艣asu hi峁僺膩y膩峁� 辫谤辞办峁�a峁嘺峁� 濒补办峁�a峁嘺测腻 惫补诲丑补岣� prok峁�ya hi yaj帽e pa艣urhanyate |

These were certain rituals done b efore the animal was offered in the sacrifice. According to 膧辫补蝉迟丑补尘产丑补 G峁沨ya S奴tra, VII. 12. 9 the words 鈥�indr膩gnibhy膩峁� tv膩 箩耻峁ａ弓补峁�鈥� occur in five acts with the appropriate verb viz., 耻辫腻办补谤补峁嘺, niyojana (tying to the post), 辫谤辞办峁�a峁嘺尘, vapoddhara峁嘺m (taking away the omentum) etc.

滨峁ａ弓补 (II. 7. 28; p. 168)鈥�

[What is Sacrificed:]

础尘补谤补办辞艣补 defines it as the act of sacrifice^[6] while 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 defines it in the words of 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 that:

鈥淲hatever is offered in the single fire i.e., the 驳峁沨测补 fire and what is offered in the three 艢谤补耻迟补 fires and the gifts made inside the vedi in 艢谤补耻迟补 sacrifice are called 颈峁ａ弓补鈥浓赌�

ijyate sme峁ａ弓a峁� y膩g膩di | yad膩ha鈥�
别办腻驳苍颈办补谤尘补 丑补惫补苍补峁� 迟谤别迟腻y膩峁� yacca h奴yate |
膩ntarvedy膩峁� ca yadd膩nam颈峁ａ弓补峁� tadabhidh墨yate |

础尘峁泃补 and Vighasa^[7] (II. 7. 28; p. 168)鈥�

Remains of a sacrifice or oblation: 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 defines 补尘峁泃补 as the remains of sacrifice and vighasa as the remains of food after serving the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉 and the guests.

碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 supplements it with the quotation from Manu (III.285) thus鈥�

鈥�vighasa is what is left after 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉 and guests have partaken and 补尘峁泃补 is what is left after being offered in sacrifice and that one should always eat these鈥浓赌�

vi艣颈峁ａ弓补madana峁� 惫颈驳丑补蝉补岣�, 测补苍尘补苍耻岣� 尘耻苍颈岣�鈥�
惫颈驳丑补蝉腻艣墨 产丑补惫别苍苍颈迟测补峁� 苍颈迟测补峁� c膩m峁泃abhojana岣� |
vighaso bhukta艣e峁�a峁� 蝉测腻诲测补箩帽补艣颈峁ａ弓补math膩m峁泃am |^[8]

The performance of sacrifices requires one to make many gifts as one of its ancillaries. One of the terms to denote gifts is: 罢测腻驳补 (II. 7. 29; p. 169)鈥揇onation or gift: 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 lists 13 terms for donation of which 蝉辫补谤艣补苍补尘 is one.

碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 explains that 蝉辫补谤艣补苍补尘 is used to denote a gift which is made by customory obeisence by touching the nine parts of the cow such as the tail etc.鈥�

蝉辫补谤艣补苍补峁� t奴pac膩r膩dd膩na峁� pucch膩dau nav膩di 蝉辫峁涐梗峁璿腻 hi d墨yate |

(c) Result of sacrifice:

Illustrating the term 补帽箩补蝉腻 (III. 4. 2; p.337), an indeclinable, 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 presents the general opinion that:

鈥淥ne may instantly conquer the Brahmaloka by sacrifices鈥浓赌�

yajv膩'帽jas膩 jayati brahmalokam |

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

腻驳苍墨诲丑谤腻'dy膩 dhanairv膩ry膩 峁泃vijo y膩jak膩艣ca te |

[2]:

腻尘颈办峁Ｄ� s膩 艣峁泃o峁ａ箛e y膩k峁Ｄ玶e 蝉测腻诲 dadhi-yogata岣� |

[3]:

The fresh milk is drawn in the morning and heated; to it the sour milk of the preceding evening is added; the mixture divides itself into two portions, the solid one is called 腻尘颈办峁Ｄ� and the liquid above it is called 惫腻箩颈苍补鈥�艢补产补谤补 on Jaimini, II. 2. 23; IV. 1. 22 -腻尘颈办峁Ｄ亂膩峁� dadhipayas墨 vidyete na 惫腻箩颈苍别 | tatra hi dadhi payaso岣� sa峁僺峁涐梗峁璷 rasa upalabhyate |.... 惫腻箩颈苍别 迟颈办迟补办补峁璾办辞 谤补蝉补岣� |

[4]:

膧辫补蝉迟丑补尘产丑补 G.S., VIII. 1. 2鈥�腻尘颈办峁Ｄ� devat膩tvena vi艣vadevasa峁僢andh膩t tair颈峁ａ弓补tvena pur膩kalpa艣ravan膩cca prathamasya parva峁嘺岣� sam膩khy膩 vai艣vadevamiti |

[5]:

Bh膩nuji and Li峁単ayasuri also follow the same reading.

[6]:

kratu-karme峁ａ弓a峁� |

[7]:

腻尘峁泃补峁� vidhaso 测补箩帽补艣e峁�a-bhojana艣e峁�ayo岣� |

[8]:

Cf. Bhagavad 骋墨迟补, III. 13: 测补箩帽补艣i峁ａ弓膩艣ina岣� santo mucyante sarva kilbi峁�ai岣� |