Puranic encyclopaedia
by Vettam Mani | 1975 | 609,556 words | ISBN-10: 0842608222
This page describes the Story of Yayati included the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani that was translated into English in 1975. The Puranas have for centuries profoundly influenced Indian life and Culture and are defined by their characteristic features (panca-lakshana, literally, ‘the five characteristics of a Purana�).
Story of ۲پ
An eminent king of the Lunar dynasty.
Genealogy and Birth.
From վṣṇ were descended in the following order��Atri�Candra�Budha -ʳܰū�Āܲ�ṣa�۲پ.
Sage Atri had three sons—Candra, ٳܰ and ٲٳٰⲹ—by his wife Բū. Candra’s son was Budha, Budha’s son was ʳܰū, ʳܰū’s son was Āܲ, Āܲ’s son was ṣa who had six sons�Yati, ۲پ, ṃyپ, Āپ, Ayati and Dhruva. ۲پ had two wives, ٱ𱹲ī and Śṣṭ. Two sons, Yadu and Turvasu, were born to Devayāni. Of them, Yadu became the founder of ۲ܱṃśa. Śṣṭ had three sons who were Druhyu, Anudruhyu and ū. The Puruvaṃśa traces its origin to Puru.
۲پ’s marriage.
۲پ married ٱ𱹲ī, the daughter of sage Śܰ and Śṣṭ, the daughter of ṛṣ貹.
There is a story behind this marriage, given in Ѳٲ, Ādi Parva, Chapter 76. Once there was keen rivalry between Devas and Asuras. For achieving victory Devas accepted ṛh貹پ and Asuras accepted Śܰ as their preceptors. Although Devas slaughtered all Asuras they were restored to life by Śܰ by the power of his mantra. Devas and Asuras resumed their battle. "ṛtñīī" (the art of reviving the dead) was then unknown to the gods. Devas sent the handsome youth Kaca to Śܰ, to learn ṛtñīī from him. There, Kaca fell in love with ٱ𱹲ī, Śܰ’s daughter. But after acquiring the knowledge about ṛtñīī he returned, without marrying ٱ𱹲ī. At the time of his departure, Kaca and ٱ𱹲ī cursed each other. ٱ𱹲ī’s curse was that Kaca’s newly acquired knowledge would not produce the desired result, while Kaca’s curse was that ٱ𱹲ī would not be married by any youthful ṛṣi.
Śṣṭ was the daughter of ṛṣ貹, the Daitya king. ٱ𱹲ī was the daughter of Śܰ, the Daitya preceptor. One day they were enjoying a bath in a forest brook with their maids, after leaving their clothes on the bank of the stream. At that time Devendra who came that way, transformed himself into a strong wind and carried all the clothes to a place and put all of them in a heap. Seeing this, the women rushed out of the water and in the hurried confusion in snatching their garments ٱ𱹲ī and Śṣṭ happened to put on each other’s clothes. A quarrel took place between them on this mistake and the angry Śṣṭ pushed ٱ𱹲ī into an unused well. Thinking that ٱ𱹲ī was dead, Śṣṭ and her maids went to the palace.
At this time, ۲پ who was a king of the lunar dynasty happened to come there exhausted after his hunting. After rescuing ٱ𱹲ī from the well and enquiring about her identity and the circumstances in which she fell into the well, he returned to his palace
ٱ𱹲ī sent her maid ҳūṇi to her father and informed him about her mishap. The father, sage Śܰ became angry towards ṛṣ貹, and came down from Daityaloka and settled down in the forest with his daughter. Afraid of his preceptor’s curse and anger, ṛṣ貹 came to Śܰ and offered profuse apologies to him for his daughter’s misconduct. But Śܰ answered that he would be prepared to forgive only if Śṣṭ with 1000 maids would go and serve ٱ𱹲ī. Finding no other way, ṛṣ貹 yielded to the condition. Soon Śṣṭ and her 1000 maids went to the forest and began to serve ٱ𱹲ī. Śܰ returned to Daityaloka. Some time after this, ۲پ came to the forest one day for hunting. There he met ٱ𱹲ī, being attended by many maids. In the conversation that followed, ٱ𱹲ī was able to recognize ۲پ. She fell in love with him. But ۲پ insisted that he was not prepared to marry her without the consent of Śܰ峦ⲹ. So she sent one of her maids to her father and informed him of her desire. The sage readily agreed and had their marriage performed. He also presented them 1,000 maids. After the ceremony, ۲پ returned to his palace with his bride. Śṣṭ and the 2,000 maids also accompanied them. (Ѳٲ Ādi Parva, Chapters 76-81).
۲پ’s domestic Life.
After his arrival in his capital city, ۲پ made arrangements for ٱ𱹲ī’s residence in his own palace while Śṣṭ took up her residence in Aśokavanikā. In due course, ٱ𱹲ī gave birth to a son. The sight of the child roused the motherly instincts of Śṣṭ who spent a thousand years in heartburning. One day, while she was brooding alone in her garden, ۲پ happened to come there. As they met, their hearts were moved by tender feelings. Śṣṭ approached ۲پ and begged for a son. But he tried to evade her by pleading that it was not proper to do anything in violation of Dharma. But in the end, he had to yield to her earnest supplications and philosophical arguments. Thus Śṣṭ conceived a son in secret.
When the child was born and it grew up, ٱ𱹲ī’s mind was constantly vexed with the thought as to who was the father. Once in an angry mood she questioned Śṣṭ herself about it. She answered that the child’s father was a sage whose identity she could not ascertain in the excitement of her union with him. Any way, this answer satisfied ٱ𱹲ī.
Soon after, another son was born to ٱ𱹲ī. The first boy was named Yadu and the second son, Turvasu. As a result of the secret relations between ۲پ and Śṣṭ, three boys were born to her and they were named Druhyu, Anudruhyu and ū, respectively. These boys also grew up in Aśokavanikā.
Once ٱ𱹲ī was in her garden with her husband and children. Just then, Śṣṭ’s children also happened to come there. ٱ𱹲ī who somehow had her own suspicions, enquired of them their parentage and the innocent children replied that their mother was Śṣṭ and their father was ۲پ. ٱ𱹲ī who became furious, immediately went to Asuraloka and informed her father Śܰ about it. On hearing it, the sage who was beside himself with anger owing to his paternal affection, cursed ۲پ so that he fell a victim to the infirmities of old age. ۲پ entreated Śܰ to withdraw the curse since he had not enjoyed his youth to the full.
Śܰ lifted the curse by assuring him that one of ۲پ’s sons would accept his father’s old age in exchange for his youth and the son would be crowned King after ۲پ. (Ѳٲ Ādi Parva, Chapters 82 and 83).
Rejuvenation.
۲پ asked his eldest son Yadu for his youthfulness. But the latter was not prepared to exchange it for his father’s old age. Next the father approached his younger sons, Turvasu, Druhyu, and Anudruhyu, with the same request, but all of them in turn refused to oblige him. Even though ۲پ promised to return the youthfulness to them after a thousand years, they refused to exchange it for his old age. ۲پ in his anger, cursed Yadu that his progeny would never become Kings. Turvasu’s family would be completely destroyed and Druhyu would float down the river, with unfulfilled desires and faded prosperity. ū wholeheartedly accepted his father’s old age in exchange for his youth and went to the forest. From that day ۲پ began his reign with a cheerful heart. (Ѳٲ Ādi parva, Chapters 84 and 85).
In Padma Purāṇa, there is a slightly different version about the way in which ۲پ fell a victim to the infirmities of old age. It is as follows:—Seeing the rigorous observance of ۲پ’s virtuous life, Devendra began to be alarmed at the thought that he might be dislodged from his place. He called his charioteer ٲ and ordered him to bring ۲پ with him to Indraloka. When ٲ failed in his mission, Devendra sent some Gandharvas to enact the drama of "Vāmanāvatāra" before ۲پ. Enchanted by the charm and performance of Rati on the stage, the King became irresistibly fascinated by the female sex.
Once the ṣaī named and Madana got access to ۲پ’s body. While in that state, one day he went to the forest for hunting. There he happened to meet a beautiful girl named "Aśrubindumatī". From her companion-maid, վś, the King came to know of her history. վś said to ۲پ�"Long ago when 峾𱹲 was burnt Rati was in deep grief. The gods were moved to pity by her tears and they restored 峾 to life. Rati who was extremely happy, began to shed tears of joy. A beautiful girl was born from the tears which fell from her left eye. This maid who is standing before you is that girl. She is now looking for a suitable person for her ⲹṃv." On hearing this story the King expressed his desire to marry her. Aśrubindumatī agreed to become his wife on condition that he exchanged his old age with some young person for his youthfulness.
۲پ returned to his palace and asked each of his sons to give him his youth. ū alone fulfilled his father’s desire. After this ۲پ married Aśrubindumatī. But he was compelled to submit to another condition also, that he should not maintain any contact with his other wives. ٱ𱹲ī and Śṣṭ naturally, became distressed and furious when they saw ۲پ and Aśrubindumatī as husband and wife. So ۲پ asked Yadu to kill both of them. But Yadu refused to obey him. ۲پ who became angry at this, cursed his son that one of his descendants would marry his uncle’s daughter and become heir to his mother’s wealth.
After some time, on ѱԲ’s advice, Aśrubindumatī urged ۲پ to go on a visit to Heaven. So he entrusted his kingdom to ū and went to ղṇṭ.
۲پ’s reign.
The ʳܰṇa describe ۲پ as a noble and eminent King. Some of the events which took place during his reign and which deserve special praise, are given below:
(i) Gift of cows. Once when King ۲پ was in the company of his subjects, a ṇa approached him with a request for ҳܻܰ岹ṣiṇ�. At once ۲پ gave him a gift of 1,000 cows. (Ѳٲ Vana Parva, Chapter 195).
(ii) ۲پ and . See para 6 under .
(iii) His end. After a thousand years, ۲پ handed over his kingship to ū and went to the forest. He spent many years living in ṛgܳٳṅg in the company of sages, and feeding on fruits, roots, etc. and in the end died in the forest and attained Heaven.
(iv) ۲پ’s fall from Heaven. ۲پ remained in Heaven for many years. Once he insulted the Devas, Indra and other gods and kings in the divine assembly. The gods looked at one another, wondering who this proud fellow was. They asked how this man reached Heaven without renouncing his pride. In the meantime ۲پ lost his balance and fell down from Heaven to the earth. While descending, he prayed that he should fall in the midst of good men.
Just at this time, four kings named Pratardana, Vasumanas, Ś and ṣṭ첹 were performing a Yāga in ṣārṇy. ۲پ happened to fall head downwards into their midst. But since they caught him in his fall he did not crash to the ground. He explained his story to them. They allowed him to accept the fruit of their ۲ñ and to go to Heaven. But since he was a ṣaٰⲹ he told them he had no right to it. Just then, his daughter ī arrived there. She allowed him to take half of the divine grace which she had earned and with the help of it ۲پ ascended to Heaven again. (Ѳٲ Udyoga Parva, Chapter 120).
Other details.
(i) ۲پ witnessed the battle between Kauravas and ṇḍ which was fought as a result of the theft of King վṭa’s cows. (Ѳٲ վṭa Parva, Chapter 56, Verse 9).
(ii) In Ѳٲ, Parva, Chapter 8, Verse 8, it is stated that King ۲پ continues to be in Yama’s assembly.
(iii) ۲پ once gave 1,000 cows to a ṇa as "ҳܻܰ岹ṣiṇ�". (Ѳٲ Vana Parva, Chapter 195).
(iv) He came riding in Indra’s chariot and witnessed the battle between Arjuna and ṛp峦ⲹ, from the sky. (Ѳٲ վṭa Parva, Chapter 56, Verse 9).
(v) Ѳٲ, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 115, men tions that ۲پ had conducted 1,000 Yāgas and that he was the leader of all Kings.