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A monkey of extraordinary might. He was the minister of 厂耻驳谤墨惫补.*

Birth.

When the troubles and hardships caused by the wickedness of 搁腻惫补峁嘺 became unbearable the goddess Earth and the Devas approached 叠谤补丑尘腻 for redress. 叠谤补丑尘腻 took them to the sea of Milk. Mah膩vis峁噓 heard everything and said that he would incarnate as the son of 顿补艣补谤补迟丑补 and would kill 搁腻惫补峁嘺. 叠谤补丑尘腻 was directed to create monkeys to help him on that occasion. Accordingly 叠谤补丑尘腻 created 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and several other monkeys. There are two stories about the birth of 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉.

(1) 叠谤补丑尘腻 sat for a long time thinking about the creation of monkeys. Then he wanted to yawn., for which he opened the mouth and instantly 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 came out from inside 叠谤补丑尘腻 through the open mouth. "I have already created J膩mbay膩n the noble bear, who jumped out of my mouth when I yawned." (痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, B膩lak膩峁囜笉a, Sarga 17, Stanza 6).

(2) One day time of 叠谤补丑尘腻 ended and the night had advanced two 测腻尘补蝉 (six hours). The Madhukai峁璦bhas born of the ear-wax of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 began to create trouble and commotion in the waters of the great flood. They saw a lotus on the surface of water. Seeing 叠谤补丑尘腻 in it they challenged him for fight. Hearing their shouting and the challenge 叠谤补丑尘腻 became afraid of the asuras. His middle face began to sweat. The sweat flowed through his cheeks and reached the loins. 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 came into being from that sweat. So he got the name Ambuj膩ta, (born from the water of sweat). As he was the first person who entered the country of 闯腻尘产奴苍补诲补 he was called 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍. As he was born when there was no universe or time his age or date of birth could not be ascertained. At the time of 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was six Manvantaras (age of a Manu) and for hundred and sixtyfour Caturyugas (a period of four yugas) old. (The present age is the twentyeighth Caturyuga of the seventh Manu). 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 had witnessed all the incarnations from Matsya to 艢r墨 搁腻尘补. (Kamba 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 笔奴谤惫补 碍腻峁囜笉补).

闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and the incarnation of 艢r墨 搁腻尘补.

During the time of 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was the minister of 厂耻驳谤墨惫补. It is stated in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 碍颈峁�k颈苍诲丑腻 碍腻峁囜笉补, Sarga 41, that 狈墨濒补, the son of Agni, 贬补苍奴尘腻苍, 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍, Suhotra, Sar膩ri, 艢aragulma, Gaja, 骋补惫腻办峁�a, Gavaya, 厂耻峁�e峁嘺, 峁氠梗补产丑补, Mainda, Dvivida, Vijaya, 骋补苍诲丑补尘腻诲补苍补, 鲍濒办腻尘耻办丑补, 础蝉补峁単补, 础峁単补诲补 and others were the ministers of 厂耻驳谤墨惫补.

The monkeys who went to the south in search of 厂墨迟腻, reached the sea shore. The question was how to jump over the sea to 尝补峁卥腻. Each of them came forward to show his ability and admitted failure. Finally 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 called 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 to him and advised him to jump over to 尝补峁卥腻. 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 who was not aware of his own powers,** refused. 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 told him about his birth, self-power, attainment of boons etc. 贬补苍奴尘腻苍 became convinced of his powers at the words of 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and jumped over the sea to 尝补峁卥腻. (搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 碍颈峁�k颈苍诲丑腻 碍腻峁囜笉补).

闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and the incarnation of 痴腻尘补苍补.

闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 walked round 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻, who incarnated as 痴腻尘补苍补 to curb the powers of 惭补丑腻产补濒颈. At that time 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was immensely strong. But by the time of the incarnation of 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 his strength had decreased much. Hear what he said to the monkeys who assembled on the sea shore to go in search of 厂墨迟腻.

"My abilities in olden times were not what you see now. In the far old days, I had walked round that Eternal Being 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 when he measured three steps at the sacrifice of 惭补丑腻产补濒颈. Now, I am very old and have not enough strength to jump over the sea." (痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 碍颈峁�k颈苍诲丑腻 k膩峁囜笉a, Sarga 65).

闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and the incarnation of 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺.

The longliving 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 who had witnessed nine out of the ten incarnations of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 is seen in connection with the precious stone Syamantaka, in the incarnation of 碍峁涐梗峁嘺. The Sun-god gave this jewel Syamantaka to King Satr膩jit. His younger brother Prasena wore it and went to the forest for hunting. A lion killed him and took the jewel in his mouth and was going along the forest when 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 killed it and took the jewel. It was rumoured that Sr墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 had killed Prasena and taken the jewel. So 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 went in search of the jewel to the forest, defeated 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and took the jewel, and returned it to Satr膩jit. 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 married 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨 the daughter of 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 10).

闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 became old for ever.

At the time of the incarnation of 痴腻尘补苍补, 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was very strong and valiant. When 痴腻尘补苍补 brought under control the three worlds by measuring three steps 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 travelled throughout the three worlds carrying the news everywhere. Within three moments 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 travelled eighteen times through the three worlds. In this travel of lightning-speed the end of the nail of his toe touched the highest peak of 惭补丑腻尘别谤耻, who considered it as an insult and said "You are arrogant of your speed and youth. Hereafter your body will not reach where your mind reaches and you shall be ever old." Because of this curse 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 became old and unable to carry out what he wished. (Kamba 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, Yuddha 碍腻峁囜笉补).

*) It is difficult to ascertain whether 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was a monkey or a bear. In some of the Indian languages he is descri bed as a monkey. In Malay膩la峁� he was thought of as a monkey from ancient period. In 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, which is the original work, 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 is denoted by the words 'Kapi' (monkey) and Rk峁�a (bear). 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 is called 峁歬峁�apu峁単ava in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 B膩lak膩峁囜笉a Sarga 17. From this it is to be assumed that 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 was a bear. In the same chapter it occurs that, it was the aim of 叠谤补丑尘腻 to make the gods and the celestial women take birth as monkeys to help 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 in the incarnation of 艢r墨 搁腻尘补. So it is not wrong to consider 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 either as a bear or as a monkey.

**) For the cause of his forgetting his own powers see under Tr峁嘺bindu II.