Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.424
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.424:
啶曕啶班た啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶粪啷嵿啷囙ぃ 啶掂た啶ㄠぞ 啶� 啶う啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶啶班い啷�啶い啷� 啷�
啶膏い啷嵿く啷� 啶掂ぞ 啶掂た啶ぐ啷�啶む 啶掂ぞ 啶掂啶さ啶灌ぞ啶班 啶� 啶膏啶洁じ啷嵿い啷嵿く啶む 啷� 啷エ啷� 啷�kriy膩nu峁峁単e峁嘺 vin膩 na pad膩rtha岣� prat墨yate |
satyo v膩 vipar墨to v膩 vyavah膩re na so'styata岣� || 424 ||424. No word-meaning, whether real or unreal, is understood in communication except as connected with some action. Therefore, it does not really exist.
Commentary
[Explaining this verse, the 痴峁泃迟颈 says that one cannot predicate the truth or otherwise of the meaning of a single word:... kevalapadaprayoge satyatva峁� viparyayo v膩 na prakhy膩yate. It is only when it is completed by a verb that the listener understands it as true or untrue: kriy膩padopasa峁僪膩re tu saty膩satyabh膩vena pratipatt峁涐梗u vyavah膩ro'vati峁ａ弓hate. Without connection with some verb, the completion of the meaning can be done in one of many possible ways, in a way that would come under any one of the six transformations of Being = 峁岣峛h膩vavik膩r膩岣�. That is much too vague: so'rtha岣� pariplavam膩no'pi hy asau 峁岣� bh膩vavik膩rapary膩ye峁嚹乶u dh膩vat墨ti. That is why, the isolated word-meaning is beyond the scope of communication and is said to be unreal: Tasm膩t kevalapad膩rtho vyavah膩r膩t墨tatv膩n n膩st墨ti vyapadi艣yate.]