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The Birds explain the fourth question鈥擪ing 贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 incurred 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补鈥檚 anger, and to appease him gives up to him his kingdom and all his wealth鈥敵站迸洷鼓宄揪背侔��� ill-treats the queen, and five Vi艣ve Devas censure him for his brutality鈥擧e curses them to he born as men, but exempts them from marriage鈥擳hey were born as the five sons of 顿谤补耻辫补诲墨, and died young.

The righteous birds spoke:

There lived formerly in the 罢谤别迟腻 Age a most exalted R膩jar峁�i named 贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补, virtuous in soul, a ruler of the earth, brilliant in fame. No famine, nor sickness, nor untimely death occurred among men, nor did the citizens delight in evil, while he ruled as king; nor, further, did the people become uproarious through wealth, valour, austerities or spirituous liquors; nor were any females born who failed to reach womanhood.^[1]

And he, of mighty arm, when once chasing a deer in the forest, heard women repeatedly crying, 鈥渟ave us鈥�! The king, giving over the deer, called out 鈥渇ear not! who is this perverse being that, under my rule, behaves with injustice?鈥� At this interval also the Raudra Vighnar膩j, the opponent of every undertaking, who was following that cry, deliberated:鈥斺�淭his 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, full of heroism, undertaking incomparable austerities, keeping a vow, is mastering the sciences of 艢颈惫补 and others, which have not been perfected before. Those sciences being mastered by this man, who governs his mind in patience and silence, are verily lamenting, afflicted with dread. How can I manage this? Glorious is this noblest of the 碍补耻艣颈办补 family; I am much weaker than he: these terrified sciences are thus bewailing: it appears to me difficult to be accomplished. Now this king has come in my way, calling out repeatedly 鈥榝ear not!鈥�; into him indeed entering, I will speedily accomplish my desire.鈥�

Then the king possessed by that Raudra V墨ghnar膩ja, who had thus taken counsel with himself, uttered this speech in anger:鈥�鈥淲ho is this wicked man that binds fire in the corner of his garment, when I the lord am present, gleaming with the glowing splendour of my power? He today, pierced in every limb by my arrows, which in their flight from my bow illumine the other regious of the sky, shall enter upon a long sleep.鈥�

Thereupon 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 having heard the king鈥檚 speech was enraged: and, when that great 峁氠梗i was enraged, those sciences perished in a moment. The king moreover, seeing 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, rich in austerities, being terrified, suddenly trembled exceedingly like the leaf of the peepul tree.^[2] When the Muni exclaimed, 鈥渨retch!鈥� and 鈥渟tand!鈥�; then the king falling prostrate in reverence addressed him:鈥斺�淥 adorable lord! this is my duty! I have committed no fault! Deign not O Muni! to be angry with me, who am engaged in my duty. A king, conversant with his duties, must give gifts, and must afford protection, and lifting his bow must wage war, according to the 顿丑补谤尘补-艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淭o whom, O king, must thou give gifts, whom must thou protect, and with whom must thou wage war? Speedily declare this, if thou fearest unrighteousness.鈥�

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 spoke:

鈥淚 must always give gifts to brahmans principally, and to others who are straitened in their means; I must protect those in fear; I must make war with enemies.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淚f your highness, a king, duly regards the duties of kings鈥擨 am a brahman desirous of a reward, let the desired fee be given me.鈥�

The birds spoke:

The Raja, having heard this speech with gladdened soul, deemed himself as it were born anew, and addressed the sage of the 碍补耻艣颈办补 race: 鈥淏e it declared, adorable sir! what, free from doubt, I must give thee; consider it as already given, albeit most difficult to be obtained, whether gold or money, son, wife, body, life, kingdom, city, good fortune鈥攚hatever is the desire of my own soul.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淥 king! this present has been accepted, which thou hast given: first, however, bestow the fee appertaining to the 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 蝉补肠谤颈蹿颈肠别.鈥�

The Raja spoke:

鈥淥 brahman! I will indeed give your honour that fee. Choose, O chief of the dvijas, whatever present thou desirest.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥�Give me this earth, with its ocean, and with its mountains, villages and towns; and thy entire kingdom, O warrior, with its multitude of chariots, horses, and elephants; also thy treasury and treasure; and whatever else thou possessest, excepting thy wife, and son and body, O sinless one! and excepting thy virtue, which, O thou that knowest all the virtues, follows its possessor when he moves. What need for me to say more? Let all this be granted me.鈥�

The birds spoke:

With gladdened mind the king, unperturbed in countenance, having heard the 峁氠梗i鈥檚 speech, joining his hands respectfully replied, 鈥淪o be it!鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淚f all thy property is given me, thy kingdom, the earth, thy army, thy wealth,鈥攚hose is the lordship, O R膩jar峁�i! when I the ascetic am seated in the kingdom?鈥�

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 spoke:

鈥淎t what time I have yielded up the earth to thee, O brahman! at that time thou, Sir, art the owner; how much more now the king.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淚f O king! the whole earth has been given me by thee, thou must deign to depart from the realm where I hold sway, unfastening all thy ornaments, such as thy waisthand and every thing else, and clothing thyself with the bark of trees, together with thy wife and son.鈥�

The birds spoke:

Having said 鈥淪o be it!鈥� and having so done, the king started to go, in company with his wife 艢补颈惫测腻 and his young son. Then he addressed the king, having obstructed the road as he was moving鈥斺�淲here wilt thou go, without giving me the fee appertaining to the 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 sacrifice?鈥�

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 spoke:

鈥淎dorable Sir! this kingdom has been given thee free from adversaries: these our three bodies, O Brahman! are all that remain to me this day.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淣evertheless thou must assuredly give me the sacrificial fee; a promise unfulfilled, especially to brahmans, proves injurious. As long as brahmans delight, O king! in the 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 sacrifice, so long indeed must the fee for the 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 sacrifice he given. After making a promise, one must bestow the gift; and one must fight against assailants; so too the afflicted must he protected; thus hast thou already agreed.鈥�

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 spoke:

鈥淎dorable Sir, I have nought at present; I will give thee the fee after a while: and show me favour, O Brahmarshi! hearing in mind noble behaviour.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淲hat length of time must I wait for thee, O guardian of men! Tell me speedily, or the fire of my curse shall consume thee.鈥�

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补 spoke:

鈥淚n a month will I give thee the fee-money, O Brahmarshi! At present I have no means; deign to grant me this 辫别谤尘颈蝉蝉颈辞苍.鈥�

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 spoke:

鈥淕o, go, O noble king; observe thy duty; and may thy way be auspicious! May there be no enemies!鈥�

The birds spoke:

Permitted to go, the king departed; his queen, who was unused to walk afoot,^[3] followed him. Seeing that most noble king departing from the city with his wife and son, the citizens raised a cry and followed the king, exclaiming 鈥�

鈥淎las, O master! why leavest thou us, who are afflicted with continual sufferings? Thou, O king, art devoted to righteousness, and thou art the benefactor of the citizens. Lead us also, O R膩jar峁�i! if thou regardest righteousness. Stay a moment, O king of monarchs! Our eyes as bees drink^[4] thy lotus-like mouth. When again shall we behold thee, who, when thou goest forth, art preceded and followed by kings? Here is thy wife, holding her young son in her hand, following thee, before whom, when thou goest forth, go thy servants seated on elephants! Here goes today walking afoot the king of monarchs, 贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补! Alas, O king, what will thy very youthful, beautiful-browed, soft-skinned, fine-nosed face become, when injured by the dust on the road? Stay, stay, O best of kings, observe thy own duty. Mildness is a very noble virtue, especially among 办峁�a迟谤颈测补蝉; what need have we of wife, what need of children, or of wealth, or of grain, O master? Abandoning all this, we have become mere shadows of thee. Alas master! alas Mah膩r膩j膩! alas, O lord! why dost thou abandon us? Where thou art, there indeed will we be. That is joy, where thou indeed art. That is our city where thou art. That is Svarga where thou, our king, art.鈥�

Having thus heard the citizens鈥� address the king, overwhelmed with grief, stood then in the road through very compassion for them. Still 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, seeing him distressed by the citizens exclamations, approaching him, with eyes rolling in anger and impatience, spoke: 鈥淧ie on thee, vile in thy conduct false, crooked in thy speech! who also, after giving me thy kingdom, wishest again to withdraw it.鈥� The king thus roughly accosted by him replied thus trembling, 鈥淚 am going鈥� and departed hastily drawing his wife in his hand. Thereupon the sage of the 碍补耻艣颈办补 family suddenly belaboured with a wooden staff the very youthful toil-wearied wife, as the king was drawing her along. Seeing her thus beaten, the king 贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补, oppressed with pain, exclaimed 鈥淚 am going nor did he utter aught else.

But then spoke five Vi艣ve Devas full of pity, 鈥淭his 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 is very wicked; what worlds will he obtain, who has uprooted this best of sacrificers from his throne? By whose funeral ceremony further shall the soma juice expressed at the great sacrifice be purified, by drinking which we shall reach the exhilaration that is preceded by incantations?鈥�

The birds spoke:

Having heard this their remark, the sage of the 碍补耻艣颈办补 race, exceedingly enraged, cursed them鈥斺�淵e shall all assume human form!鈥� And propitiated by them, the great Muni added, 鈥淎lthough in human form, ye shall have no offspring. There shall be neither marriage of wives for you, nor hostility: freed from love and anger ye shall become gods again.鈥� Thereupon those gods descended to the mansion of the Kurus with their own portions; they were born of the womb of 顿谤补耻辫补诲墨 as the five grandchildren of 笔腻峁囜笉耻. Hence the five heroic P膩峁囜笉aveyas did not take to themselves wives, through the curse of that great Muni.

All this has been declared to thee with reference to the tale of the P膩峁囜笉aveyas. Thy four questions have been answered in song. What else dost thou wish to hear?

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

An allusion to infanticide?

[2]:

Ficus religiosa. The leaf, which varies from 2½ to 5½ inches in length and almost the same in breadth, is ovate-cordate, and has a long slender apes (acumen) 1 to 2 inches long. It has a round flexible stalk 2 to 3 inches long, which is twisted so as to make the inner surface of the leaf face outwards from the branch. The leaf hangs downwards by the long stalk, with its inner surface, which is slightly concave, facing outwards, and thus catches the lightest breeze.

[3]:

Read 辫补诲产丑测腻尘 for 辫谤补诲产丑测腻尘.

[4]:

Better 辫颈惫腻尘补 for 辫颈产腻尘辞, let us drink ?