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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

Go directly to: Footnotes.

यथ�,
कृष्णस्य सौन्दर्य-भरैर� विनिर्जितः
  कामोऽस्य किञ्चित् प्रतिकर्तुम् अक्षमः |
राधाम् इह प्रीतिमती� विनिर्णयंस�
  ता� बाधतेऽसौ तद�-अगोचरेऽबलाम् ||

ⲹٳ,
ṛṣṇaⲹ saundarya-bharair Ծᾱٲ�
  kāmo'
sya 쾱ñ pratikartum ṣa� |
峾 iha īپmatī� vinirṇayaṃs
  tā� 󲹳ٱ'sau tad-agocare'balām
||

ṛṣṇaⲹ—o ṛṣṇa; saundarya—o the beauty; 󲹰�—by the profuseness; Ծᾱٲ�—dڱ𲹳ٱ; 峾�—Cܱ辱; asya—to Him; 쾱ñ—sdzٳ󾱲Բ; pratikartum—to return; ṣa�—being unable; —t󲹳 ; iha—toward Him; īپ—has affection; Ծṇaⲹ—aٲԾԲ; —H; 󲹳ٱ—bdzٳ; asau—h; tat-agocare—out of His range; —a woman.

Defeated by the profuseness of ṛṣṇa’s beauty, Cupid is unable to retaliate. Determining that loves Him, he directly pains Her when He is out of Her sight. (Govinda-ī峾ṛt 11.136)

Commentary:

This is Mammaṭa’s example:

yasya kiñcid apakartum ṣa� kāya-nigraha-gṛhīta-vigraha� |
kānta-vaktra-sadṛśākṛti� kṛtī rāhur indum adhunāpi 󲹳ٱ ||

“When his head was cut off by վṣṇ, acknowledged the antagonism, but since he is unable to retaliate, now clever bothers the moon, whose form resembles His beautiful face� (Śśܱ-vadha 14.78).

Mammaṭa explains:

indor atra ٲīⲹtā-sambandhi-sambandhāt,

“Here the moon is related to վṣṇ owing to the connection of “a part in place of the whole”� (屹ⲹ-ś verse 545 ṛtپ).

The moon is related to վṣṇ’s face, and վṣṇ’s face is related to վṣṇ.

Բٳ illustrates ٲⲹī첹,

jita-mauktika-sampadā� radānā� saha-vāsena parā� muda� dadānām |
virasād adharī-karoti nāsām adhunā sāhasa-śāli mauktika� te ||

“Beautiful girl, your teeth defeat the splendor of pearls. Now, out of animosity, your daring nose pearl belittles your nose, which effuses the highest joy since it dwells near your teeth� (Rasa-ṅg󲹰, KM p. 494).

This is վśٳ ’s example:

madhyena tanu-madhyā me madhya� jitavatīty ayam |
ibha-kumbhau bhinatty asyā� kuca-kumbha-nibhau hari� ||

““That slender woman has defeated my waistline with hers.� So thinking, the lion (hari) assaults the two protuberances of the elephant’s head which resemble her two waterpot-like breasts� (󾱳ٲⲹ-岹貹ṇa 10.86).

P.V. Kāṇe comments: “Here the heroine is a rival of the lion, whom she throws into the background by her slender waist. The lion, not being able to do any harm to his rival, the woman, breaks the protuberant temples of the elephant. The temples of the elephant are connected with the woman (ٲīⲹ) indirectly, because they are connected with the breasts (by the relation of similarity) which are themselves connected with the woman by ⲹ屹ⲹ--sambandha. This representation of the lion’s breaking the temples of the elephant results in establishing the superiority of the woman (as regards slenderness of waist) over the lion.�[1]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Kane, P.V. (1995), The 󾱳ٲⲹ-岹貹ṇa, p. 291.

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