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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

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गोविन्�-चर�-द्वन्द्व-सौन्दर्य-स्वा�-तुन्दिला� �
कदाचिद� अप� नेच्छन्त� स्वर्ग-ग्रामटिकां बुधा� �

DZԻ岹-ṇa-屹Ի屹-ܲԻ岹ⲹ-岹-ٳܲԻ徱� |
kadācid api necchanti svarga-grāmaṭikā� budhā� ||

Intelligent persons who were nourished by the relishment of the beauty of Govinda’s feet never desire the little towns of heaven.

atra parārdhe pūrvārdham eka� pada� hetu�.

Here the one declined word which is the first half of the verse (the adjectival compound: “Intelligent persons who were nourished by the relishment of the beauty of Govinda’s feet�) is the reason for the statement in the second half.

Commentary:

Mammaṭa’s example of 屹ⲹ-ṅg is poetical:

bhasmoddhūlana bhadram astu bhavate ܻṣa-māle śubha�
  hā sopāna-paraṃparā� girisutā-kāntālayālaṅkṛtim
|
adyārādhana-toṣitena vibhunā yuṣmat-saparyā-sukhā-
  '
lokocchedini mokṣa-nāmani mahā-mohe nidhīyāmahe ||

“O colored powder for making auspicious drawings on the ground! May good betide you. O rosary of ܻṣa beads! May you fare well. And goodbye to the steps which adorn the ī temple. Now, by the grace of the Almighty, who was satisfied with my worship, I have been admitted in the great darkish bewilderment, called Liberation, which puts an end to the light of the joy of paying homage to you� (屹ⲹ-ś verse 503).

Here the word ܰǰdz徱 (it puts an end to the light of that joy) is the reason liberation is said to be a great darkish bewilderment. This is an example of 屹ⲹ-ṅg from 岵ٲ,

yo'ya� kālas tasya te'vyakta-bandho ceṣṭām āhuś ceṣṭate yena viśvam |
nimeṣādir vatsarānto mahīyāṃs ta� tveśāna� ṣe-峾 prapadye ||

“O friend of the Unmanifest, they say Time is Your deed. The world is active because of Time, which is colossal, from a blink to years and years. I take shelter of You, the Lord, an abode of safety� (岵ٲ 10.3.26).

Here the adjectives īśԲ (the Lord) and ṣe- (an abode of safety) are two reasons ٱ𱹲ī is taking shelter of Him. Further, the description of the nature of Time is the reason she is taking shelter. ʲṇḍٲ-Ჹ Բٳ says that although 屹ⲹ-ṅg is nothing but the absence of the literary fault called nirhetu (lacking an explanation) (7.92), he acknowledges 屹ⲹ-ṅg because it was propounded by the ancients.[1] Still, in the above verse the 屹ⲹ-ṅg is an ornament in the sense that it adorns ٱ𱹲ī’s affection for the Lord (𱹲-ṣaⲹ-rati).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

atra vadanti, 屹ⲹ-ṅg� nālaṅkāra�, vaicitryātmano vicchitti-śṣa屹. […] eva� tarhi bahūnā� alaṅkāratvena prācīnair urīkṛtānām alaṅkāratāpattir iti cet, astu, ki� naś chinnam. tasmāt “nirhetu-ū貹-doṣābhāva� 屹ⲹ-ṅgm� ity api vadanti (Rasa-ṅg󲹰, KM p. 470).

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