Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
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Text 10.39
रूपकादेर� अलङ्कारान्तरस्� योगात् त्व् इयम् अतिचारुतां भजति. यथ�,
rūpader alaṅrāntarasya yogāt tv iyam aticārutā� bhajati. yathā,
An ܳٱṣ� is exceedingly charming when it is combined with another ornament, such as ū貹첹 (metaphor). For example:
govardhana� girim upetya 첹ṭākṣa-ṇān 첹ṇa-sphuran-ṇi-śilopari ṃkṣṇܱ |
ū-dhanur-dhuvana-ūٲ-luñcaneya� vyagrī-karoty ahaha 峾 api ṇa ||
govardhanam—t Govardhana; girim—mdzܲԳٲ; upetya—after arriving; 첹ṭākṣa—of sidelong glances; ṇān�arrows; 첹ṇa—as the ears; sphurat—aԲ; ṇi—[in the form] of jewels; ś—sٴDzԱ; upari—aDZ; ṃkṣṇܱ—sԾԲ; —w woman?; ū—of the eyebrows; Գ�—the bows; dhuvana—by means of shaking; ūٲ—is subtly indicated; ñ—She by whom a theft; iyam; ⲹī-첹dzپ—makes excited; ahaha—how amazing; 峾; api—e; ṇa—with confusion.
[Obstructing the DZī at Govardhana on the pretext of imposing a tax on their milk goods, ṛṣṇa sees and speaks to a friend:]
Who is this girl that has come to Govardhana Hill and is hinting at the theft by shaking the bows of Her eyebrows while sharpening the arrows of Her sidelong glances above the grindstone of the jewels of Her ears? She is even making Me excited out of confusion. (Բ-ī-첹ܻܳī 30) (Ujjvala-nīlaṇi 14.3)
evam anyac ca prekṣyam.
Other instances of fanciful imagination can be looked into in this way.
Commentary:
The ܳٱṣ� in the verse is a dharma-ūdzٱṣ� (imagining that a fanciful action is actually done by someone): “She is sharpening the arrows of Her sidelong glances above the grindstone of the jewels of Her ears.� The imagination is obvious, therefore a word expressive of ܳٱṣ� is not required. It is not the virodha ornament (semblance of a contradiction) because it is quite possible to say that someone sharpens arrows and because by definition virodha only occurs when there is a semblance of a contradiction between two elements, and not between three elements and so on (10.127128). ū貹 ҴDz峾ī shows the above verse to illustrate madhurarati (the ٳ⾱-屹 of śṛṅ-). According to վśٳ 䲹ī, the sense is Her eyes are continuously coming and going at the corners of Her eyes due to Her desire to see ṛṣṇa, and that is suggestive of Her love for Him.[1] This ܳٱṣ� (fanciful imagination) is implied: Owing to that desire, the corners of ’s eyes reach Her ears.
The metaphors are “Her arrows are Her sidelong glances� and “Her ears are jewels which are grindstones.� The wording “by shaking the bows of Her eyebrows� is an instance of the 貹ṇām ornament (modification) (11.47) because it does not make sense to shake bows, therefore the bows, the ܱ貹Բ, need to assume the nature of the eyebrows, the upameya, in order to make sense of the locution.
Another implied sense is: If He is excited merely by seeing those arrows, what will happen when He will be pierced by them?[2] This is an implied ٳ貹ٳپ ornament (presumption) (11.35).
Footnotes and references:
[1]: