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sudh膩kara sukha峁� dehi viyogi-jana-迟腻辫补苍补岣�. atra virahe vy膩h膩re dvit墨ya-p膩d膩rtho n膩nuv膩dya岣�.

(21) [This is an example of 补苍耻惫腻诲补 ayukta (improperly described substantive):] 鈥淥 moon, you, who torment separated lovers, should give happiness.鈥� Here, in the context of an utterance on the topic of separation, the meaning 鈥淚t torments separated lovers鈥� should not have been a substantive (i.e. it should not have been said at all).

Commentary:

艢e峁�ar膩ja 艢arm膩 expounds: anuv膩dya-vi艣e峁�e峁嘺sya vidheya-virodhitvam anuv膩d膩yuktatvam, 鈥淭he fault named 补苍耻惫腻诲补 ayukta means an adjective of the substantive contradicts the predicate鈥� (颁补苍诲谤补办补濒腻 7.12). Here the fault is that it makes no sense to expect happiness from the moon after saying that it torments separated lovers. Moreover, Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 omits the actual substantive, the pronoun tvam (you).

The topic of substantive and predicate is complex. In verse 7.107, an adjective (腻苍补苍诲颈迟补-蝉惫补-辫补办峁�a) of the substantive was called a predicate, and in this verse an adjective of the substantive is called a substantive. In Mamma峁璦鈥檚 and Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra鈥檚 examples of the current topic, a vocative is called a substantive.^[1] Elsewhere, 笔补峁囜笉颈迟补-谤腻箩补 闯补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 refers to a vocative as an adjective of the subject (ayi l膩va峁噛a-箩补濒腻艣补测补, Commentary 10.178). And in the context of 补惫颈尘峁涐梗峁璦-惫颈诲丑别测腻峁兣沘, Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra indicates that an adjective of the substantive is called a predicate when the compound adjective ends with a participle (which has the force of a verb) (in the verse that begins sevante jalad膩game, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补-办补耻蝉迟耻产丑补 10.50), as in the adjective viyogi-jana-迟腻辫补苍补 here, 鈥淚t torments separated lovers鈥� (so that viyogi-jana-迟腻辫补苍补 is the fault called 补惫颈尘峁涐梗峁璦-惫颈诲丑别测腻峁兣沘 because viyogi-jana should be given importance). The gist is that the discrepancy which characterizes this fault (补苍耻惫腻诲补 ayukta) is greater than the discrepancy in the previous one.

This is Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra鈥檚 example of the current topic:

ayi para-bh峁泃a tasy膩岣� ka峁囜弓ha-n膩dena tasy膩峁� tava nipatitam ak峁�i pr膩ya艣o vismayena |
virahi 丑峁沝补测补-办腻濒补-惫测腻濒补 m膩 va帽cayet膩岣� kathaya katham id膩n墨峁� labhyate kutra r膩dh膩 ||

鈥淗别测 black cuckoo, dumbstruck by 搁腻诲丑腻鈥檚 sweet pitch, you stared at Her so intensely that your eyes almost fell. Hey black snake of the heart, who feels separation, don鈥檛 deceive Me. Tell Me where and how I may find Her at this time.鈥�

Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra explains: atra 鈥渧irahi 丑峁沝补测补-办腻濒补-惫测腻濒补鈥� iti n膩nuv膩dya峁�, 办耻迟补岣� kathayeti 辫谤腻谤迟丑补苍腻-phal膩bh膩v膩t. tena 鈥渕ama ruci-蝉补诲峁浥沘迟惫腻苍 mitra鈥� ity anuv膩dyam, 鈥淚n the third line, the vocative virahi 丑峁沝补测补-办腻濒补-惫测腻濒补 (black snake of the heart, who feels separation) is not a proper substantive. If it were, what is the sense of saying 鈥減lease tell Me鈥� afterwards? One could not expect any positive reply in this way. Therefore, virahi 丑峁沝补测补-办腻濒补-惫测腻濒补 should be replaced by mama ruci-蝉补诲峁浥沘迟惫腻苍 mitra, 鈥淗别测 friend on account of a similar luster.鈥� This is a proper substantive in this context.鈥� (础濒补峁卥腻谤补-kaustubha 10.122 惫峁泃迟颈)

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

atra virahi-辫谤腻峁嘺-damaneti n膩nuv膩dyam (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补, verse 283 惫峁泃迟颈).