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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

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(2) [This is an example of a ٲ�-󲹱ī vastu-dhvani that gives rise to an ṅk-dhvani,]

मम क्षमस्वालि निजस्य दोषं कृपा-प्रपोष� कुरु देवि भद्र� |

mama kṣamasv nijasya doṣa� ṛp-prapoṣa� kuru devi bhadre |

vakrālakā� Գٲ-mukhāvarūḍhā� śobhā� tavāmī kalayantu ñ || mama—of mine; ṣaǰ; —O girlfriend; nijasya—[of me,] who belong to you; ṣa—the fault; ṛp-ṣa kuru—make an abundance of mercy; devi bhadre—O gentle goddess; vakra-�—curly strands of hair; Գٲ-mukha—unto the male lover’s face; ūḍh�—which descend; śDz峾ԻԳ; tava—of yours; ī—tDz; kalayantu—should make; ñ—some particular [resplendence].

It’s my fault. Forgive me, sweetheart. I belong to you. Be kind to me, gentle goddess. These strands of your curly hair, which go down unto your lover’s face, should bring about some special resplendence.

atra vastunopamā.

Here, a simile is implied by a vastu.

Commentary:

The author of ṛṣṇānԻ徱ī explains:

mama kṣamasveti, māninī� 󲹻� prati harir āha. ṭi�. atra vastuneti, viparīta-ratam ācarantyās tavālaka-vallarī kamanīya-vadana-vikīrṇ� vikacāravinda-saṃsaktā bhramara-paṅktir iva rājayiṣyatīty ܱ貹 vyajyate,

Hari is talking to a DZī who is in a pique. Vakra means ṭi (curly). Regarding the elaboration, the idea is that the woman is making love to him by being on top. The implied simile is understood as follows: “Disheveled on your lovely face, your curly hair is resplendent like a swarm of bees near a blown lotus”� (ṛṣṇānԻ徱ī 4.64).

This is ʲṇḍٲ-Ჹ Բٳ’s example of a vastu-dhvani that gives rise to an ṅk-dhvani,

mṛdvīkā ra samaśitā sphīta� nipīta� paya� svar-yātena sudhāpy adhāyi katidhā rambhādhara� khaṇḍita� |
tattva� brūhi madīya-ī bhavatā bhūyo bhave bhrāmyatā kṛṣṇety akṣarayor aya� madhurimodgāra� kvacil lakṣita� ||

“You relished ripe red grapes, fully tasted sugar, and savored condensed milk. You even drank nectar, by going to heaven. In how many ways did you bite a sexy woman’s nether lip? Now, O soul of mine, tell the truth: While repeatedly wandering in material life, did you ever experience the rise of the sweetness of the two syllables “Kṛṣ-ṇa�?� (Rasa-ṅg󲹰).

The implied idea (vastu-dhvani) is that the speaker knows the objectives of the path of yoga because, in the manner of poetic expression, he makes a difference between himself as an ego and himself as a soul. Therefore the speaker implies that experiencing the sweetness of ṛṣṇa’s names is a form of mystical perfection: That is an implied ū貹첹 ornament (metaphor).[1]

The verse features another ū貹첹-dhvani (implied metaphor): The name “ṛṣṇa� is a form of nectar, since it is sweet. The second variety of the پśǰپ ornament (statement of supereminence) (10.85) is implied by that since it is understood that the sweetness of ṛṣṇa’s names, sweeter than anything sweet, has a distinct nature. The verse also features a yamaka (word rhyme) of the sound in �ra � in the first line.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Բٳ’s far-fetched explanation was slightly toned down. He says this پśǰپ ornament (introsusception): “The Lord’s name is a special mystical perfection that was the cause of the speaker’s perceiving his past lives,� is implied by the fact that the speaker makes a difference between himself as an ego and himself as a soul. By modifying his explanation (since “The Lord’s name is the exact form of a mystical perfection that gives the power to remember past lives� really means “The Lord’s name is a form of mystical perfection�), his implied پśǰپ turns into an implied metaphor. He writes: atra niṣkṛṣṭa-ī-ǻⲹ첹-貹ḍṛśⲹԲ-ٳū-Ի徱-ٲ峦ٲԲ-ṅgٳ-pada-bodhya-kartṛka-praśna-viṣayeṇārthena vastunā tathā-bhūtena bhagavan-峾Դ‵첹-ᲹԳ-ṛtԳⲹṣ�-첹ṇa-ṇa-yogasiddhi-śṣa-tādātmyādhyavasāya-rūpātiśayoktir vyajyate (Rasa-ṅg󲹰, KM p. 133). The پśǰپ ornament (of the first variety: 10.84) is always implied, but here Բٳ takes that implied introsusception as a first-rate implied sense, whereas usually it is a second-rate implied sense, as in: “She has a moon on her neck� (her face is a moon).

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