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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

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तम� उपपादयति,

tam upapādayati,

He explains why Indication has no power to reveal its implied sense:

lakṣya� na mukhya� nāpy atra bādho Dz� phalena no |
na prayojanam etasmin na ca ś岹� skhalad-پ� ||2.16||

ṣy—the indirect meaning; na mukhyam—is not the main [meaning]; na api£ǰ; atra —is there an incompatibility in it; Dz�—a connection; phalena—with the result; no£dz; na—there is no; prayojanam—pܰDz; etasmin—in this; na ca£ǰ; ś岹�—is the word skhalat—is tottering; پ�—one whose course (or the understanding of which).

The indirect sense is not the main meaning, nor is it incompatible, nor is there a connection with the result, nor is there a purpose in this (in making the result itself an object of another Indication to bring about another result), nor is the word wanting in the required force (the word Ganges in that example, for instance, is fully capable of conveying the senses of coolness and purity).

ṅg-śabdasya pravāho mukhyo’rthas tatra �, tasya tīreṇa sambandha�. lakṣite ca tīre śaityādi-phalam iti ṅg-śabdena tīra� lakṣyate. eva� cet tīram api mukhya� syāt tatra ca bādhā bhavet, tīrasya ca śaityādinā sambandha� syāt, phale ca tasmin lakṣite phalam anyad bhavet, tadā phalam api tena lakṣyeta. na caitat kim apy astīti. na ca ṅg-śabdas tīram iva śaityādi bodhayitu� manthara�, lakṣaṇayā tīra-pratyayānantaram eva jhaṭity eva vyañjanayā tat-pratyayāt. tasmād vivakṣitānvayānupapatty-abhāvāc ca phale na ṣaṇ�.

The main meaning of the word Ganges, a current, is incompatible. The connection of the word Ganges is done with its shore. And when the shore is indicated, the result is the notion of coolness and so forth. The shore is thus indicated by the word Ganges. If in the same way it were said that the shore as well is a main meaning and that there is an incompatibility of it at that time, there might be a connection of the shore with the notion of coolness and so on, and when that result[1] is indicated, there would have to be another result, which would have to be indicated by that.[2] But in fact this does not happen at all, nor is the word Ganges slow like the shore is in terms of making one understand coolness and so on, because the result is made to be perceived by ⲹñᲹ right after the sense of ‘shore� is made to be perceived by ṣaṇ�. Therefore there is no ṣaṇ� in the result, also because there is no lack of proper reasoning in the logical connection of the ideas meant to be expressed.

Commentary:

Kavikarṇapūra and վśٳ skip these technical details and only state that Indication cannot give rise to an implied sense simply because Indication has already been used one time.

In various places in 屹ⲹ-ś, Mammaṭa’s aim was to fine-tune ĀԲԻ岹󲹲Բ’s Dhvani theory. Mammaṭa’s corresponds to this by ĀԲԻ岹󲹲Բ: ܰ� ṛtپ� parityajya ṇa-vṛttyārtha-darśanam, yad uddiśya 󲹱� tatra śabdo naiva skhalad-پ� (ٳ󱹲Բǰ첹 2.17).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

This is the indirect meaning in the second application of Indication, which is called the result in our one and only application of Indication.

[2]:

In his elaboration, Mammaṭa only says that if the implied sense of the first Indication were obtainable only by reapplying Indication so that the desired implied sense only takes the form of a meaning indicated by the sense of “shore� (purity and coolness thereupon), there would be no purpose in doing that because only the literal sense of “purity and coolness� is desired. By his threefold rule, the purpose of the indicated meaning of “purity and coolness� would have to be explained, and that would be pointless (it would defeat the purpose, so to speak): na ca ٲṭa� mukhyo’rtha�, nāpy atra �, na ca ṅg-śabdārthasya taṭasya pāvanatvādyair lakṣaṇīyai� sambandha�, nāpi prayojane lakṣye kiñcit prayojanam (屹ⲹ-ś 2.16).

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