Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 3.139
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶じ啷嵿く 啶た啶む啶班お啷嵿ぐ啶оぞ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠた 啶多啶班ぞ啶︵啶оぞ啶ㄠた 啶� 啶灌さ啷�啶傕し啶� 啶� 啷�
啶むじ啷嵿く 啶啶班啶む啶� 啶げ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶膏啶むた 啶多啶班ぞ啶︵啶о啶粪 啶� 啶灌さ啶苦啶粪 啶� 啷� 啷оォ啷� 啷�yasya mitrapradh膩n膩ni 艣r膩ddh膩ni ca hav墨峁冡梗i ca |
tasya pretya phala峁� 苍腻蝉迟颈 艣r膩ddhe峁 ca havi岣メ梗u ca || 139 ||He at whose 艢r膩ddhas and sacrifices, the friend forms the principal factor,鈥攆or him, after death, there is no reward, either for 艢r膩ddhas or for sacrifices.鈥�(139)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁补):
This verse supplies the commendatory supplement to the foregoing prohibition.
The term 鈥�friend鈥� is used here in the abstract sense; hence the meaning is 鈥榠n which friendship enters as the prime consideration.鈥� And this includes both friend and foe.
The term 鈥�sacrifice鈥� stands for (1) gifts given with reference to gods and (2) the feeding of Br膩hma峁嘺s with a view to some transcendental result.
鈥�Pretya phalam 苍腻蝉迟颈鈥� (鈥榓fter death there is no reward鈥�)鈥�
鈥淣o construction is possible of this clause; since the nominative of the root 鈥�pra + i峁�鈥� (of the act of dying denoted by the word 鈥�pretya鈥�) is the person performing the 艣谤腻诲诲丑补, whereas of the verb 鈥�na + asti鈥� (鈥榠s not鈥�) the nominative is 鈥�phala,鈥� 鈥榬eward鈥� [and as a rule, the nominative of the participle 鈥�pretya鈥� and the finite verb 鈥�苍腻蝉迟颈鈥� should be one and the same].鈥�
In answer to this, some people explain that the term 鈥�pretya鈥� is an independent word, an indeclinable noun, denoting the other world [and is not a participle at all]. Another explanation is that of the root pra + in also 鈥榬eward鈥� is the nominative; the meaning of the participle in this case being 鈥�even though arriving near,鈥� 鈥榠t does not come about,鈥欌��i.e., it fails to be enjoyed.鈥�(139)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
This verse is quoted in 艢谤腻诲诲办补办谤颈测腻办补耻尘耻诲墨 (p. 41).
Comparative notes by various authors
(verses 3.139-140)
膧辫补蝉迟补尘产补-顿丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补 (2.8).鈥斺�極fferings given to friends and relations reach neither the gods nor the Pit峁泂.鈥� 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Anu艣膩sana, 90.42-43).鈥斺�業f at one鈥檚 offerings to gods and Pit峁泂, his friends happen to form the predominant factor, then neither the gods nor the Pit峁泂 are satisfied; and he goes not to heaven. If one makes friends at the 艢r膩ddha, he goes not by the path of the gods; collecting his friends at 艢r膩ddha, ho falls off from heaven.鈥�