Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 3.138
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶� 啶多啶班ぞ啶︵啶о 啶啶溹く啷囙え啷� 啶た啶む啶班 啶оえ啷堗 啶曕ぞ啶班啶啶洁じ啷嵿く 啶膏啷嵿啷嵿ぐ啶灌 啷�
啶ㄠぞ啶班た啶� 啶� 啶た啶む啶班 啶 啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶む 啶む 啶多啶班ぞ啶︵啶о 啶啶溹く啷囙う啷� 啶︵啶掂た啶溹ぎ啷� 啷� 啷оォ啷� 啷�na 艣r膩ddhe bhojayen mitra峁� 诲丑补苍补颈岣� k膩ryo'sya 蝉补峁単谤补丑补岣� |
n膩ri峁� na mitra峁� ya峁� vidy膩t ta峁� 艣r膩ddhe bhojayed dvijam || 138 ||At a 艢r膩ddha one should not feed a friend; his acquisition shall be made by means of riches. At a 艢r膩ddha one should feed him whom he regards neither as friend nor as foe.鈥�(138)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁补):
Even when endowed with the aforesaid qualifications of 鈥榁edic learning鈥� and the rest, the man shall not be fed on account of his being a friend; this is the prohibition contained in this verse.
鈥�A friend鈥欌�攐ne whose happiness and unhappiness are the same as one鈥檚 own, and who is in no way different from himself,鈥斺��one should not feed at a 艢r膩ddha.鈥�
鈥�By means of riches鈥欌�� by means of other kinds of gifts鈥斺�榯he acquisition鈥� of the friend should be made; his friendship obtained; or the benefit of 鈥榝riendship鈥� may consist in non-separation.
It is not only the friend that one shall not feed; the enemy also should not be fed. 鈥�Him whom he regards neither as friend nor as foe,鈥欌�� towards whom one eutertains feelings of neither affection, nor aversion: in regard to whom there could be no suspicion of any relationship due to affection or any other motive; the mention of the 鈥榝riend or foe鈥� being only illustrative. It is on account of the suspicion of such relationship that the maternal grandfather and others have been mentioned (in 147, 148 below) as secondary alternatives.
鈥淭here is possibility of the enemy being fed only where one wishes make a friend of him; hence he also being included under 鈥榝riend鈥� (should not have been mentioned separately).鈥�
The separate mention is expected to make the matter dearer.鈥�(138)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
This verse is quoted in 惭补诲补苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补 (p. 559);鈥攊n 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 448);鈥攊n 贬别尘腻诲谤颈 (艢r膩ddha, p. 401);鈥攁nd in 艢谤腻诲诲丑补办谤颈测腻办补耻尘耻诲墨 (p. 41), which explains 鈥�诲丑补苍补颈岣�鈥� as 鈥榖y presents of other kinds,鈥� and 鈥�蝉补峁単谤补丑补鈥� as 鈥榓ffection.鈥�
Comparative notes by various authors
Gautama (15).鈥斺�楬e should not behave towards him as towards a friend.鈥�
膧辫补蝉迟补尘产补-顿丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补 (17.4).鈥斺�楬e shall feed such Br膩hma峁嘺s... as are not related to him either through otra or through marriage or through Vedic learning or through discipleship.鈥�
叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 (2.8.6).鈥斺�楽uch as are not related to him through the Veda.鈥�
痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补. (11.14).鈥斺�楧uring the darker fortnight, after the fourth day, he shall make offerings to the Pit峁泂; having, on the previous day, got together such Br膩hma峁嘺s as are renunciates or hermits or are old, not engaged in any improper profession, learned in the Veda,鈥攂ut who are not his own pupils or disciples. But he shall feed even his disciples, if they are endowed with exceptional qualities.鈥�
惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Anu艣膩sana, 137.44).鈥斺�極ne who has offered the 艢r膩ddha shall not receive a friend; for the purpose of making friends he shall make presents of riches; in connection with the offerings to gods and Pit峁泂, he shall feed one who is neutral, whom he regards neither as a friend nor as a foe.鈥�
碍补艣测补辫补 (础辫补谤腻谤办补, p. 448).鈥斺�楨nemies...... should not be invited at 艢r膩ddha.鈥�