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Avagraha, ´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹: 20 definitions

Introduction:

Avagraha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

1) Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹).—Separation of a compound word into its component elements as shown in the Pada-PÄá¹­ha of the Vedic SaṃhitÄs. In the PadapÄá¹­ha, individual words are shown separately if they are combined by Saṃdhi rules or by the formation of a compound in the SaṃhitÄpÄá¹­ha; e.g. पà¥à¤°à¥‹à¤¹à¤¿à¤¤à¤®à¥� (purohitam) in the SaṃhitÄpÄá¹­ha is read as पà¥à¤°à¤ƒ (±è³Ü°ù²¹á¸�)sहितमà¥� (hitam). In writing, there is observed the practice of placing the sign (à¤�) between the two parts, about which nothing can be said as to when and how it originated. The Atharva-PrÄtiÅ›Äkhya defines अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (avagraha) as the separation of two padas joined in SaṃhitÄ. (A. Pr. II.3.25; II.4.5). In the recital of the pada-pÄá¹­ha, when the word-elements are uttered separately, there is a momentary pause measuring one matra or the time required for the utterance of a short vowel. (See for details VÄj. PrÄt. AdhÄya 5).

2) Avagraha.—The word अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (avagraha) is also used in the sense of the first out of the two words or members that are compounded together. See KÄÅ›ikÄ on P.VIII.4.26; cf. also तसà¥à¤¯ (tasya) (इङà¥à¤—à¥à¤¯à¤¸à¥à¤� (¾±á¹…g²â²¹²õ²â²¹)) पूरà¥à¤µà¤ªà¤¦à¤®à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤ƒ यथà¤� देवायत इतà¤� देà¤�-यत (pÅ«rvapadam²¹±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³ó²¹á¸� yathÄ devÄyata iti deva-yata). Tai. Pr. I. 49. The term अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (avagraha) is explained in the MahÄbhÄá¹£ya as 'separation, or splitting up of a compound word into its constitutent parts; cf. छनà¥à¤¦à¤¸à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤¨à¤™à¥‹à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¥� दृशà¥à¤¯à¥‡à¤� पितामह इतà¤� à¥� (chandasyÄnaá¹…ovagraho dṛśyeta pitÄmaha iti |) (M. Bh. on IV.2.36); also cf. यदà¥à¤¯à¥‡à¤µà¤®à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤� पà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤ªà¥à¤¨à¥‹à¤¤à¤¿ à¥� à¤� लकà¥à¤·à¤£à¥‡à¤� पदकारा अनà¥à¤µà¤°à¥à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤ƒà¥¤ पदकारैरà¥à¤¨à¤¾à¤� लकà¥à¤·à¤£à¤®à¤¨à¥à¤µà¤°à¥à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤®à¥ à¥� यथालकà¥à¤·à¤£à¤� पदà¤� करà¥à¤¤à¤µà¥à¤¯à¤®à¥� (yadyevam²¹±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³ó²¹á¸� prÄpnoti | na laká¹£aṇena padakÄrÄ anuvartyÄḥ| padakÄrairnÄma laká¹£aṇamanuvartyam | yathÄlaká¹£aṇaá¹� padaá¹� kartavyam) (M. Bh. on III.1.109) where the BhÄá¹£yakÄra has definitely stated that the writers of the PadapÄá¹­ha have to split up a word according to the rules of Grammar.

3) Avagraha.—In recent times, however, the word अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (avagraha) is used in the sense of the sign (à¤�) showing the coalescence of à¤� (a) (short or long) with the preceding à¤� (a) (short or long) or with the preceding à¤� (e) or à¤� (o) e.g. शिवोà¤� रà¥à¤šà¥à¤¯à¤ƒ, अतà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤½à¤½à¤—चà¥à¤� (Å›ivo' rcyaá¸�, ²¹³Ù°ùÄå''²µ²¹³¦³¦³ó²¹).

4) Avagraha.—The word is also used in the sense of a pause, or an interval of time when the constituent elements of a compound word are shown separately; cf. समासेवगà¥à¤°à¤¹à¥� हà¥à¤°à¤¸à¥à¤µà¤¸à¤®à¤•ालः (samÄsevagraho hrasvasamakÄlaá¸�) (V. Pr. V.1).

5) Avagraha.—The word is also used in the sense of the absence of Sandhi when the Sandhi is admissible.

Vyakarana book cover
context information

Vyakarana (वà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤•रà¤�, vyÄkaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to the “part below the viduâ€� (which is between the two lumps of the head of an elephant), according to the 15th century ²ÑÄå³Ù²¹á¹…g²¹±ôÄ«±ôÄå composed by NÄ«lakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient  India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 6, “on determination of measurementsâ€]: â€�7. The two lumps of the head are known as the bosses. The part between them is known as the vidu. Below that is the avagraha. The ±¹Äå³ó¾±³Ù³Ù³ó²¹ is the part below the bosses. 8. Below that, the ±è°ù²¹³Ù¾±³¾Äå²Ô²¹. The place between these is called the ±¹Äå²â³Ü°ì³Ü³¾²ú³ó²¹ (‘windbossâ€�). But the two sides of the ±¹Äå³ó¾±³Ù³Ù³ó²¹ of elephants shall be called the ±¹¾±±ôÄå²µ²¹²õâ€�.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹):—Restricted movement

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Ä€yurveda (आयà¥à¤°à¥à¤µà¥‡à¤¦, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ä€yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Brill: Åšaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to “restraintâ€�, according to the BrahmayÄmala-tantra (or Picumata), an early 7th century Åšaiva text consisting of twelve-thousand verses.â€�(Cf. Csaba Kiss, The BrahmayÄmala or Picumata. Vol. II, 2015, 49, 47â€�48)

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Pancaratra (worship of NÄrÄyaṇa)

: University of Vienna: Su»å²¹°ùÅ›²¹²Ô²¹'s Worship at the Royal Court According to the AhirbudhnyasaṃhitÄ

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to “droughtsâ€�, according to the AhirbudhnyasaṃhitÄ, belonging to the PÄñcarÄtra tradition which deals with theology, rituals, iconography, narrative mythology and others.—Accordingly, “[...] [The demons born of] the aggressive magic of [his] enemies, having failed to take hold of him, frightened will possess the performer [of the ritual], like a river[’s fury] blocked by a mountain. Droughts (avagraha) will end and enemies will run away. In his kingdom there will not be dangers in the form of untimely deaths, wild animals, beasts of prey, thieves, illnesses etc. and strength shall reside in his lineageâ€�.

Pancaratra book cover
context information

Pancaratra (पाञà¥à¤šà¤°à¤¾à¤¤à¥à¤°, pÄñcarÄtra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

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In Jainism

Jain philosophy

: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to the “realization of objects by sense-organsâ€� (it is is preceded by »å²¹°ùÅ›²¹²Ô²¹), as occurring in the ´¡²Ô±ð°ìÄå²Ô³Ù²¹Âá²¹²â²¹±è²¹³ÙÄå°ìÄå-±è°ù²¹°ì²¹°ù²¹á¹‡a, a ÅšvetÄmbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra SÅ«ri.—[Cf. Vol. I, P. 175, l. 8]

context information

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General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to “perception of something by the sensesâ€� and represents one of the four classes of m “sense-knowledgeâ€� (³¾²¹³Ù¾±-ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹) which itself is one of the five types of “right-knowledgeâ€� (²õ²¹³¾²â²¹²µÂáñÄå²Ô²¹), as mentioned in chapter 1.3 [Äå»åīś±¹²¹°ù²¹-³¦²¹°ù¾±³Ù°ù²¹] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triá¹£aṣṭiÅ›alÄkÄpuruá¹£acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly, as mentioned in Ṛṣabha’s sermon: “[...] ³¾´Ç°ìá¹£a is attained by those who practice unceasingly the brilliant triad of knowledge, faith, and conduct. Among these, exact knowledge which comes from a summary or detailed study of the principles, ÂáÄ«±¹²¹, etc., is called ‘right-knowledgeâ€� (²õ²¹³¾²â²¹²µÂáñÄå²Ô²¹). [...] Mati-jñÄna is said to be divided into [viz., avagraha], etc., and these again into bahu, etc., and originates by means of the senses, and by means of the mindâ€�.

2) Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to the distance (i.e., the length of the body) within which one should not sit before a God or Guru, according to chapter 2.1.—Accordingly, “[...] The King contracted his body like a tortoise from reverence and, avoiding the avagraha-space, sat down with hands joined in suppliant manner. The King listened with close attention to a sermon from the Ä€cÄrya, like Purandara to one from a TÄ«rthaá¹…kara. The King’s disgust with existence was increased by that sermon, like the whiteness of the moon by autumn. [...]â€�.

: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹, “apprehensionâ€�) refers to one of the four divisions of sensory knowledge (mati). What is apprehension /sensation (avagraha)? The cognition immediately following intuition (»å²¹°ùÅ›²¹²Ô²¹) is called apprehension /sensation e.g. it is white.

according to the 2nd-century TattvÄrthasÅ«tra 1.13, “The function of mati is the cognition with the aid of mind and sense organs through the stages of apprehension /sensation (avagraha), speculation /discrimination, perceptual judgment and retentionâ€�.

How many types of out-linear-grasp (avagraha) are there? Two, namely ²¹°ù³Ù³óÄå±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³ó²¹ (object-perception / awareness) and ±¹²â²¹Ã±Âá²¹²ÔÄå±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³ó²¹ (contact awareness).

: JAINpedia: Jainism

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) refers to “broad grasp of an ideaâ€� and represents one of the four thought processes relating to perception , as explained in the NandÄ«sÅ«tra.—Comparable divisions are found in the TattvÄrtha-sÅ«tra I.15.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) [or अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�, ²¹±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹].—m S Stoppage or suspension of rain.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹).â€�1 Separation of the component parts of a compound, or of other grammatical forms.

2) The mark or interval of such a separation; समासेऽवगà¥à¤°à¤¹à¥‹ हà¥à¤°à¤¸à¥à¤µà¤¸à¤®à¤•ालः (samÄse'vagraho hrasvasamakÄlaá¸�).

3) The syllable or letter after which such separation occurs, छनà¥à¤¦à¤¸à¥à¤¯à¥ƒà¤¦à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤¾à¤¤à¥� (³¦³ó²¹²Ô»å²¹²õ²âá¹›d²¹±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³óÄå³Ù) P.VIII.4.26.

4) A hiatus, absence of sandhi (as in dhik tÄá¹� ca taá¹� ca madanaá¹� ca imÄá¹� ca mÄá¹� ca instead of cemÄá¹� ca) µþ³ó²¹°ù³Ùá¹›h²¹°ù¾± 2.2.

5) The mark (') used to mark the elision of � (a) after � (e) and � (o).

6) Withholding of rain, drought, failure of rain; वृषà¥à¤Ÿà¤¿- रà¥à¤­à¤µà¤¤à¤¿ शसà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤¨à¤¾à¤®à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤µà¤¿à¤¶à¥‹à¤·à¤¿à¤£à¤¾à¤®à¥� (vṛṣṭi- rbhavati Å›asyÄnÄmavagrahaviÅ›oá¹£iṇÄm) R.1.62; रावणावगà¥à¤°à¤¹à¤•à¥à¤²à¤¾à¤¨à¥à¤¤à¤®à¤¿à¤¤à¤� वागमृतेन सः (rÄvaṇÄvagrahaklÄntamiti vÄgamá¹›tena saá¸�) 1.48; नभोनभसà¥à¤¯à¤¯à¥‹à¤°à¥à¤µà¥ƒà¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¤¿à¤®à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹ इवानà¥à¤¤à¤°à¥‡ (nabhonabhasyayorvṛṣṭimavagraha ivÄntare) 12.29; वृषेà¤� सीताà¤� तदवगà¥à¤°à¤¹à¤•à¥à¤·à¤¤à¤¾à¤®à¥ (vṛṣeva sÄ«tÄá¹� tadavagrahaká¹£atÄm) KumÄrasambhava 5.61.

7) An obstacle, impediment, hindrance, restraint; संसारÂ� (²õ²¹á¹ƒsÄå°ù²¹Â°) MÄlatÄ«mÄdhava (Bombay) 1 the bonds of fetters of worldly existence; पà¥à¤°à¤¸à¤¹à¥à¤� रकà¥à¤·à¥‹à¤­à¤¿à¤°à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤‚ à¤� (prasahya raká¹£obhiravagrahaá¹� ca) RÄm.; see अनवगà¥à¤°à¤� (anavagraha) and निरवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (niravagraha).

8) A herd of elephants

9) The forehead of an elephant; A part of the elephant's face, the flat level place in the middle of the elephant's forehead which joins the lower parts of the two Kumbhas; MÄtaá¹…ga L.5.6.

1) Nature, original temperament.

11) A sort of knowledge, a false idea.

12) Punishment (opp. anugraha); अनà¥à¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹à¤¾à¤µà¤—à¥à¤°- हयोरà¥à¤µà¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤¤à¤� (anugrahÄvagra- hayorvidhÄtÄ) ÅšiÅ›upÄlavadha 1.71.

13) An imprecation, a term of abuse.

14) An iron hook with which elephants are driven.

15) Obstinate insistance; obstinacy; करà¥à¤®à¤£à¥à¤¯à¤µà¤—à¥à¤�- हधियà¥� भगवनà¥à¤µà¤¿à¤¦à¤¾à¤®à¤� (karmaṇyavagra- hadhiyo bhagavanvidÄmaá¸�) BhÄgavata 4.7.27.

Derivable forms: ²¹±¹²¹²µ°ù²¹³ó²¹á¸� (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹à¤�).

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´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�).â€�

1) Breaking, separation.

2) Impediment; अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤¹à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥� भूयातॠ(²¹±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ste bhÅ«yÄt) Sk.

3) A curse; see अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹ (avagraha).

Derivable forms: ²¹±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹á¸� (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤¹à¤ƒ).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹).—m.

(-³ó²¹á¸�) 1. Taking, acceptance. 2. Taking off or away, seizure. 3. Disrespect. 4. Drought. 5. Obstacle, impediment. 6. An elephant’s forehead. 7. A herd of elephants. 8. Nature, original temperament. 9. A sort of knowledge, a false idea. 10. An imprecation or term of abuse. E. ava before, graha to take or seize, ap affix: also ²¹±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹.

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´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�).—m.

(-³ó²¹á¸�) 1. An imprecation or term of abuse, as ²¹±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ste syÄt, may disappointment befall you. 2. Drought. 3. Disgrace, discomfiture: see avagraha. E. As before, ²µ³ó²¹Ã± aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹).—[ava-grah + a], m. 1. Obstacle. 2. Drought, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 11, 29. 3. Contempt, [¸éÄå³¾Äå²â²¹á¹‡a] 5, 44, 18. 4. Nature, original temperament, [MÄlavikÄgnimitra, (ed. Tullberg.)] 70, [distich] 89. (affection).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹).—[masculine] hindrance, impediment; separation of padas and the pause between them ([grammar]).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹):—[=ava-graha] [from ava-grah] m. separation of the component parts of a compound, or of the stem and certain suffixes and terminations (occurring in the Pada text of the Vedas), [PrÄtiÅ›Äkhya] etc.

2) [v.s. ...] the mark or the interval of such a separation, [PrÄtiÅ›Äkhya]

3) [v.s. ...] the syllable or letter after which the separation occurs, [VÄjasaneyi-saṃhitÄ-prÄtiÅ›Äkhya; PÄṇini 8-4, 26], the chief member of a word so separated, [PrÄtiÅ›Äkhya]

4) [v.s. ...] obstacle, impediment, restraint, [Pbr.] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] mark of the elision of an initial a

6) [v.s. ...] (= vará¹£a pratibandha, [PÄṇini 3-3, 51]) drought, [Raghuvaṃśa; KathÄsaritsÄgara]

7) [v.s. ...] nature, original temperament, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] ‘perception with the senses�, a form of knowledge, [Jaina literature]

9) [v.s. ...] an imprecation or term of abuse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

10) [v.s. ...] an elephant’s forehead, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] a herd of elephants, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] an iron hook with which elephants are driven, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) ´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�):—[=²¹±¹²¹-²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹] [from ava-grah] m. obstacle, impediment (used in imprecations), [PÄṇini 3-3, 45]

14) [v.s. ...] ([PÄṇini 3-3, 51]; cf. also ava-graha) drought, [RÄjataraá¹…giṇī]

15) [v.s. ...] ([varia lectio] for ²¹±¹²¹²µÄå³ó²¹ q.v.) a bucket, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) [=²¹±¹²¹-²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹] [from ava-grah] the forehead of an elephant, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹):—[ava-graha] (³ó²¹á¸�) 1. m. Seizure; disrespect; drought; obstacle.

2) ´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�):—[²¹±¹²¹-²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹] (³ó²¹á¸�) 1. m. Idem; drought.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Avagraha (अवगà¥à¤°à¤¹) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Uggaha.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संसà¥à¤•ृतमà¥� (²õ²¹á¹ƒs°ìá¹›t²¹³¾), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Avagraha (ಅವಗà³à²°à²¹):â€�

1) [noun] separation; a) the act of separating or keeping (two things) at a distance; b) separation of component parts of a compound word or other grammatical forms.

2) [noun] anything that gets in the way or hinders; an impediment; an obstruction; a hindrance; an obstacle.

3) [noun] a control a) the act or fact of controlling; power to direct or regulate; ability to use effectively; b) the condition of being directed or restrained.

4) [noun] a prolonged period of dry weather; lack or failure of rain; drought.

5) [noun] the forehead of an elephant.

6) [noun] an imprecation; a curse; an abusive term.

7) [noun] a sort of knowledge; a false idea.

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´¡±¹²¹²µ°ùÄå³ó²¹ (ಅವಗà³à²°à²¾à²�):—[noun] = ಅವಗà³à²°à²¹ - [avagraha -] 2, 3 & 4.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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