Apamarga, 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补, 础辫补尘腻谤驳补: 25 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Ayurveda
2. Purana
3. Shaivism
4. Jyotisha
Biology
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Kannada
4. Nepali
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Introduction:

Apamarga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Cikitsa (natural therapy and treatment for medical conditions)

Source: Wisdom Library: Ayurveda: Cikitsa

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) is a Sanskrit word referring to the 鈥渞ough chaff tree鈥�, a species of plant from the Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) family, and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-sa峁僪it膩. The official botanical name of the plant is Achyranthes aspera and is known in English as the 鈥渃haff-flower鈥� or 鈥渄evil鈥檚 horsewhip鈥�. The word 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 is derived from the Sanskrit root √尘峁沯, meaning 鈥渢o whipe鈥� or 鈥渢o wash鈥�.

The plant 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 is also mentioned as a medicine used for the treatment of all major fevers, as described in the Jvaracikits膩 (or 鈥渢he treatment of fever鈥�) which forms the first chapter of the Sanskrit work called M膩dhavacikits膩.

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-艣膩stra

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿).鈥擳he name of a plant, possibly identified with Achyranthes aspera. It is used in various alchemical processess related to mercury (rasa or 濒颈峁単补), according to the Ras膩r峁嘺vakalpa (11th-century work dealing with Rasa艣膩stra).

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

: WorldCat: R膩j nigha峁囜弓u

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) is the Sanskrit name for a medicinal plant identified with Achyranthes aspera Linn. (鈥減rickly chaff-flower鈥�) from the Amaranthaceae or 鈥渁maranth鈥� family of flowering plants, according to verse 4.88-91 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or R膩janigha峁囜弓u. 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 is known in the Hindi language as Circi峁�, Cica岣嵞� or La峁璲ir膩; in the Bengali language as Ap腻峁単a; in the Marathi language as Aghadha; in the Gujarati language as Aghe岣峯; in the Tamil language as Nayurivi; and in the Telugu language as 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补m.

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 is mentioned as having twenty-two synonyms: 艢ikhar墨, Ki峁噄h墨, Kharama帽jar墨, Durgraha, Adha岣ヅ沘lya, Pratyakpu峁墨, May奴raka, K膩峁囜笉aka峁囜弓a, 艢aikharika, Marka峁�, Durabhigraha, Va艣ira, Par膩kpu峁墨, Ka峁囜弓墨, Marka峁璦pippal墨, Ka峁璾, M膩帽jarika, Nand墨, K峁yaka, Pa峁卥tika峁囜弓aka, M膩l膩ka峁囜弓aka and Kubja.

Properties and characteristics: 鈥湸”枘宄灸灏挡� is pungent, bitter and hot. It quells vitiated kapha. It is indicated in piles, pruritis, improper digestive metabolism (腻尘补-诲辞峁), abdominal disorders (udar-roga), blood disorders. It is astringent and emetic鈥�.

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) refers to the medicinal plant known as 鈥淎chyranthes aspera Linn.鈥� and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogas膩rasa峁単raha (Yogasara-sa峁単raha) by V膩sudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogas膩rasa峁僩raha [mentioning 补辫腻尘腻谤驳补] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (产丑补颈峁箩测补-办补濒辫补苍腻) which is a branch of pharmacology (诲谤补惫测补驳耻峁嘺).

: Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts: Volume 12 (1898) (ay)

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) or 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补taila refers to one of the topics discussed in the 惭补诲丑耻尘补迟墨, a Sanskrit manuscript ascribed to N峁泂i峁僪a Kavir膩ja collected in volume 12 of the catalogue 鈥淣otices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (second series)鈥� by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri.鈥擳he 惭补诲丑耻尘补迟墨 manuscript, consisting of 5,586 艣lokas (metrical verses), is housed in Dhaka with Babu Bhagavancandra Dasa Kaviraja. It seemingly addresses topics related to Medicinal, Herbal, and Iatrochemical preparations. The catalogue includes the term鈥敶”枘宄灸灏挡�-taila in its 鈥榮ubject-matter list鈥� or Vi峁ya (which lists topics, chapters and technical terms). The complete entry reads鈥�补辫腻尘腻谤驳补tailavidh膩nam.

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita鈥擳ext on Visha Chikitsa

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) is the name of an ingredient used in the treatment of R膩jil膩-snake-bites, according to the K膩艣yapa Sa峁僪it膩: an ancient Sanskrit text from the P膩帽car膩tra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Vi峁cikits膩鈥攁n important topic from 膧yurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Vi峁vidy膩 or Sarpavidy膩).鈥擳he tenth Adhy膩ya prescribes antidotes for R膩jil膩 snake venom.鈥擜ccording to the K膩艣yapasa峁僪it膩 verse X.2cd: 鈥淭he first antidote prescribed is 补帽箩补苍补 or (paste) are application to the body and nasya (nasal drops) made by mixing the sprouts of Ginger, Bilva, 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补, ripe B峁沨at墨 fruit, a pod of 艢膩lmal墨 seed shell. This ointment cum nasal application is very potent and revive the dead person鈥�.

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膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) is the name of a flower used in the worship of 艢iva, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.1.11:鈥斺€淸...] offerings of flowers, especially white flowers and rare flowers, shall be made to Lord 艢iva. Flowers of 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补, Karp奴ra, J膩t墨, Campaka, Ku艣a, P膩峁璦la, Karav墨ra, Mallik膩, Kamala (lotus) and Utpalas (lilies) of various sorts shall be used. When water is poured it shall be poured in a continuous stream鈥�.

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) wood is used for brushing the teeth in the month Ph膩lguna for the 础苍补峁単补迟谤补测辞诲补艣墨-痴谤补迟补, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur膩峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擜ccordingly, the Ana峁単atrayoda艣墨-vrata is observed in honour of 艢iva for acquiring virtue, great fortune, wealth and for destruction of sins [...] This vrata is to be performed for a year from M膩rga艣墨ra.鈥擨n the month of Ph膩lguna, the tooth-brush is that of 补辫腻尘腻谤驳补-wood. The food taken is 办补峁卥辞濒补. The deity to be worshipped is V墨ra. The flowers used in worship are kunda. The naivedya offerings are sweet meats. The result accrued is gomedha.

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The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study (shaivism)

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) refers to one of the various leaves and flowers used in the worship of 艢iva, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur膩峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擳he text refers the following flowers and leaves to be offered to Lord 艢iva [viz., 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补][...]. It is stated that if a person offers these flowers to Lord 艢iva, planting himself, the Lord Himself receives those flowers.

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Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿) refers to one of the items offered to the nine planets (navagraha), according to the 驳谤补丑补艣腻苍迟颈 (cf. 驳谤补丑补测补箩帽补) section of the Y膩j帽avalkyasm峁泃i (1.295-309), preceded by the section called 惫颈苍腻测补办补办补濒辫补 (1.271-294), prescribing a rite to be offered to Vin膩yaka.鈥擺verse 302-303: Faggots to be burned]鈥擳hese two verses prescribe different faggots to be burned for grahas with offerings of honey, ghee, dadhi, and milk. It is interesting to note that some of the faggots (i.e. 辫补谤腻艣补, khadira, pippala, and 艣补尘墨) mentioned here are also used in the Su艣rutasa峁僪it膩 in the context (Uttaratantra chapters 27-37) of curing the diseases caused by grahas, which, in this case, are not planetary. [verse 304-305: Cooked rice (odana) to be offered to grahas]

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Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, 箩测辞迟颈峁 or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Biology (plants and animals)

: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and Drugs

Apamarga in the Assamese language is the name of a plant identified with Achyranthes bidentata Blume from the Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) family having the following synonyms: Achyranthes hispida, Achyranthes japonica, Achyranthes chinensis. For the possible medicinal usage of apamarga, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

Apamarga in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.

Apamarga [唳呧Κ唳距Ξ唳距Π唰嵿] in the Bengali language is the name of a plant identified with Achyranthes aspera L. from the Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) family.

Apamarga [嗒呧嗒距嗒距喃嵿獥] in the Gujarati language, ibid. previous identification.

Apamarga [啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿] in the Hindi language, ibid. previous identification.

Apamarga [啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿] in the Marathi language, ibid. previous identification.

Apamarga [喱呧喱距喱距喹嵿瑮] in the Odia language, ibid. previous identification.

Apamarga [啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿] in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.

: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Apamarga in India is the name of a plant defined with Achyranthes aspera in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Centrostachys indica (L.) Standl. (among others).

2) Apamarga is also identified with Achyranthes bidentata It has the synonym Achyranthes mauritiana Moq..

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· The India Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) (1977)
· Opera Botanica (1993)
· Tropical Plant Science Research. New Delhi (1983)
· Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences (1915)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1982)
· Journal of Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1988)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Apamarga, for example diet and recipes, chemical composition, health benefits, side effects, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, have a look at these references.

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This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

补辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿).鈥攎 (S) A plant, Achyranthes aspera. The ashes (补辫腻尘腻谤驳补k峁Ｄ乺a m) are used in washing clothes.

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Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�).鈥�

1) A by-path, side-way; a bad way.

2) Shampooing, rubbing &c. of the body (补峁単补辫补谤颈尘腻谤箩补苍补尘) 啶呧ぎ啷冟い啶︵啶班さ啷堗ぐ啷嵿さ啶苦う啶оう啶啶溹う啷冟ざ啶距ぎ啶ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿啶啶粪ぇ啶苦お啶むた啶� 啶膏啶� 啶曕ぐ啷堗 (am峁泃adravairvidadhadabjad峁浥浤乵apa尘腻谤驳补mo峁dhipati岣� sma karai岣�) 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补 9.36.

Derivable forms: 补辫补尘腻谤驳补岣� (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶椸).

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础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿).鈥擺apa尘峁沯yate vy膩dhy膩diranena ity补辫腻尘腻谤驳补岣�, 尘峁沯 kara峁噀驳丑补帽 kutva峁� d墨rgha艣ca P III.3.121. Sk.] Name of a plant Achyranthes Aspera (Mar. 腻驳丑腻岣嵞�) largely used in medicine, washing teeth, sacrificial and other religious purposes and in incantations; 啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿 啶む啶掂く啶� 啶掂く啶� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶� 啶むう啶ぎ啷冟啷嵿ぎ啶灌 (补辫腻尘腻谤驳补 tvay膩 vaya峁� sarva峁� tadapa尘峁沯mahe); 啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿 啶撪し啶о啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶距じ啶距ぎ啷囙 啶囙う啷嵿さ啶多 (补辫腻尘腻谤驳补 o峁dh墨n膩峁� sarv膩s膩meka idva艣墨) | Av.

Derivable forms: 补辫腻尘腻谤驳补岣� (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿啶�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿).鈥攎.

(-谤驳补岣�) A plant, (Achyranthes aspera.) E. apa, 尘峁沯a to clean, with 腻峁� prefixed, and 驳丑补帽 affix; the ashes are used in washing linen.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�).鈥攊. e. I. apa-尘峁沯 + a, m. Cleansing, [艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补惫补诲丑补] 9, 36. Ii. apa -尘腻谤驳补, m. A sideway, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 169, 15.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�).鈥�1. [masculine] by-road, side-way.

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础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�).鈥�2. [masculine] wiping off, cleaning.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�):鈥擺=补辫补-尘腻谤驳补] 1. 补辫补-尘腻谤驳补 m. a by-way, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补]

2) [=补辫补-尘腻谤驳补] [from apa-尘峁沯] 2. 补辫补-尘腻谤驳补 m. wiping off, cleaning, [艢i艣up膩la-vadha]

3) 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿):鈥擺=补辫腻-尘腻谤驳补] m. (鈭�尘峁沯), the plant Achyranthes Aspera (employed very often in incantations, in medicine, in washing linen, and in sacrifices), [Atharva-veda; V膩jasaneyi-sa峁僪it膩 etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldst眉cker Sanskrit-English Dictionary

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�):鈥擺tatpurusha compound] m.

(-谤驳补岣�) A by-road, a side-way. E. apa and 尘腻谤驳补.

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础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿):鈥擺tatpurusha compound] m.

(-谤驳补岣�) The name of a plant (Achyranthes aspera) which is employed for sacrificial purposes, it being supposed to have the power of removing sins, and also as a medicament; it has three varieties: the white, the red and the water-础辫腻尘腻谤驳补. The white variety is described as 鈥榓 little pungent, hot, bitterish, astringent or constipating, emetic, purgent (sic), increasing the digestion, or stomachic, and applied against diseases from phlegm, the itch, piles, diseases of the stomach, of the blood, of serous secretions, of the vital airs, against cutaneous eruptions, leprosy, indolent tumors and nausea鈥�—; the red variety is 鈥榓 little pungent, cold, constipating, emetic, obstructing the circulation of the vital air, and rough; it is employed against diseases from phlegm and of the vital airs, against ulcers, itch, and poison; its seed or fruit is cold, sweet, indigestive whether raw or cooked, constipating, causing flatulency, rough, emetic and good for cough and hemorrhages from the mouth, nose, rectum and cuticle鈥�; the water-variety is 鈥榩ungent and used against pulmonary consumption, swellings, diseases from phlegm and of the vital airs, and against cough鈥�.—The ashes of the plant are used in cleaning linen. E. 尘峁沯 with apa, k峁泃 aff. 驳丑补帽, the final vowel of the prefix being lengthened; (or according to 叠丑腻苍耻诲. on the Amarak., a [bahuvrihi compound] apa and 膩-尘腻谤驳补; 鈥榓pam膩rjantyanena鈥�, apak峁涐梗峁璦膩samant膩nm膩rgo鈥檚yeti v膩鈥�; but according to 搁腻测补尘. only the former: 鈥榓pa尘峁沯anti vastr膩dikamanena鈥�; and equally so the Siddh膩ntak. 鈥榓pa尘峁沯yatenena vy膩dh膩di岣モ€�, and the 碍腻艣颈办腻 which quotes 补辫腻尘腻谤驳补, besides v墨尘腻谤驳补 as an instance to 笔腻峁�. Vi. 3. 122.).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶距ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿):鈥擺ap膩+尘腻谤驳补] (驳补岣�) 1. m. A plant (Achyranthes aspera).

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Avamagga.

[Sanskrit to German]

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Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (嗖呧勃嗖簿嗖班硩嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] a bad road.

2) [noun] a by-path (not a main road).

3) [noun] a wrong manner or way of life.

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础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (嗖呧勃嗖距伯嗖距舶喑嵿矖):鈥擺noun] a wrong path; a deviation from the established moral, social customs.

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础辫腻尘腻谤驳补 (嗖呧勃嗖距伯嗖距舶喑嵿矖):鈥擺noun] the small plant Achyranthes aspera of Amaranthaceae family, used as an astringent depurative, as a remedy in dropsy and as an antidote to the venom of scorpion.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

础辫补尘腻谤驳补 (啶呧お啶ぞ啶班啶�):鈥攏. 1. Bot. prickly-chaff flower; 2. wrong path;

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Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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Search found 59 books and stories containing Apamarga, 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补, 础辫补尘腻谤驳补, Apa-marga, Apa-尘腻谤驳补, Ap膩-尘腻谤驳补; (plurals include: Apamargas, 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补s, 础辫补尘腻谤驳补s, margas, 尘腻谤驳补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Comparative physico-chemical analysis of snuhi kshara and apamarga kshara - an experiment study < [2021, Issue 6, June]

Review on chemical composition of apamarga ksharasutra 鈥揳n unique therapy for fistula-in-ano < [2014, Issue IV Jul-Aug]

Review on chemical composition of apamarga ksharasutra 鈥揳n unique therapy for fistula-in-ano < [2014, Issue V Sep-Oct]

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Gynaecology and Pediatrics in the Atharvaveda < [Chapter 3 - Diseases and Remedial measures (described in Atharvaveda)]

Treatment of Mand膩gni (Indigestion) < [Chapter 3 - Diseases and Remedial measures (described in Atharvaveda)]

Treatment of Apv膩 disease (Jalodara or Dropsy) < [Chapter 3 - Diseases and Remedial measures (described in Atharvaveda)]

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Chapter 2 - The Seeds of Rough chaff (apamarga-tanduliya) < [Sutrasthana (Sutra Sthana) 鈥� General Principles]

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4. Navagraha-vatika as an example of arrangement of Gardens < [Chapter 6 - Aesthetic Value behind the arrangement of Trees and Gardens]

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