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Abhidhana, ´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹: 23 definitions

Introduction:

Abhidhana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Abhidhan.

In Hinduism

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).—Designation, denotation, expression of sense by a word which is looked upon as the very nature of a word. The expression अभिधानà¤� पà¥à¤¨à¤ƒ सà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤­à¤¾à¤µà¤¿à¤•मà¥� (²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹á¹� punaá¸� svÄbhÄvikam) (denotation of sense is only a natural characteristic of a word) frequently occurs in the MahÄbhÄá¹£ya; cf. M. Bh. on 1.2.64 VÄrt 93, II.1.1, cf. नपà¥à¤¸à¤•ं यदूषà¥à¤®à¤¾à¤¨à¥à¤¤à¤� तसà¥à¤¯ बहà¥à¤µà¤­à¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤¨à¤œà¤� (napusakaá¹� yadūṣmÄntaá¹� tasya ²ú²¹³ó±¹²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹jaá¸�) (R. Pr. XIII.7) where the word बहà¥à¤µà¤­à¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤� (²ú²¹³ó±¹²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹) means बहà¥à¤µà¤šà¤¨ (bahuvacana).

Vyakarana book cover
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Vyakarana (वà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤•रà¤�, vyÄkaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) refers to the “names (of a particular deity)â€�, according to the ÅšivapurÄṇa 2.3.48 (“Description of Marriage of Åšiva and PÄrvatÄ«â€�).—Accordingly, as BrahmÄ narrated to NÄrada: “[...] Then at his behest, the sages jubilantly performed the holy ablution over the head of PÄrvatÄ«. Being conversant with the Vedas he asked them specially to perform this. Repeating the names of lord Åšiva (»å±ð±¹²¹-²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹), they performed Paryuká¹£aṇa rite. There was a great jubilation and gaiety, O sageâ€�.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�, purÄṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) refers to “lexiconsâ€�, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to VÄmadeva: “[...] Not by studying the doctrines of scriptural exegesis, logic, planets and mathematics, nor by the Vedas, Upaniá¹£ads, DharmaÅ›Ästras [and the like]; not even by lexicons (²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹) nor metre, grammar, poetry nor rhetoric; the sage's attainment of the highest reality is gained only from the oral teachings of his own guru.[...]â€�.

Yoga book cover
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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as Äsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अषà¥à¤Ÿà¤¾à¤­à¤¿à¤·à¥‡à¤•) refers to “being given (a name)â€� (after one’s coronation), according to the Yogakhaṇá¸a of the ManthÄnabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess KubjikÄ.—Accordingly, [while discussing the Hagiography of Siddha Bauddhadeva]: “[...] Thus seeing (her) power, which is the most excellent radiance of the Command, the lord of the gods was pleased and gave the girl boons. The god consecrated her with eight jars (of holy water) and she was given (²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹) the name VimalÄnandÄ by (his) Command. (Thus) she has authority in the midst of the sixteen Siddhas. [...]â€�.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाकà¥à¤�, Å›Äkta) or Shaktism (Å›Äktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: Rigpa Shedra: Wiki

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) refers to “synonymsâ€� and is known in Tibetan as mngon brjod.—As one of the “Five Minor Sciencesâ€� (Tibetan: rig gnas chung lnga) it forms part of the â€�Ten Sciencesâ€� (Tibetan: rig gnas bcu), or fields of knowledge.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (±¹²¹Âá°ù²¹²âÄå²Ô²¹) are collected indepently.

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In Jainism

Jain philosophy

: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) refers to the “wordâ€� (which is distinct from its senseâ€�abhidheya), according to BhadrabÄhusvÄmin (quoted by Devabhadra in his Ṭippaṇa on NyÄyÄvatÄrava-vá¹›tti and in ÅšyÄdvÄdamañjarÄ«)—[Cf. ´¡²Ô±ð°ìÄå²Ô³Ù²¹Âá²¹²â²¹±è²¹³ÙÄå°ìÄå-±è°ù²¹°ì²¹°ù²¹á¹‡a, P. 318, l. 20]—When the word â€�°ìá¹£u°ù¾±°ìÄåâ€� (knife), â€�analaâ€� (fire) and â€�acalaâ€� (mountain) are uttered, the mouth ought to get cut or burnt or filled by these words respectively. But such a thing never happens. Therefore vastu and Å›²¹²ú»å²¹ (word) are not identical. BhadrabÄhusvÄmin says—“when the word â€�moyagaâ€� (Sanskrit: â€�modakaâ€�) is uttered, the thing denoted by this word is presented to the mind and not anything else. So it follows that the word (²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹) is not distinct from its sense (abhidheya)â€�.—T³ó²¹³Ù ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (word) is both distinct and non-distinct from abhidheya (±¹Ä峦²â²¹) is the Jaina view.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ : (nt.) name; appellation.

Pali book cover
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Pali is the language of the Tipiá¹­aka, which is the sacred canon of TheravÄda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).—n S A name. 2 Specification or mention; signification or discrimination effected by a name or by naming. Ex. ghaá¹­a hÄ Å›²¹²ú»å²¹ kambugrÄ«vÄdi- mÄn jÅ vyaktiviśēṣa tyÄcÄ“á¹� a0 °ì²¹°ù¾±³ÙÅ.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).â€�n A name. Specification or men- tion, signification or discrimination.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).â€�

1) Telling, mentioning, speaking, naming, denotation; à¤à¤¤à¤¾à¤µà¤¤à¤¾à¤®à¤°à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¤¾à¤®à¤¿à¤¦à¤®à¤­à¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤¨à¤®à¥ (etÄvatÄmarthÄnÄmidam²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹m) Nir.; गोशबà¥à¤¦à¤¸à¥à¤� वाही- कारà¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤­à¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤¨à¤®à¥� (goÅ›²¹²ú»å²¹sya vÄhÄ«- kÄrthÄbhi»å³óÄånam) S. D.

2) (In gram.) Asserting or predicating something of another, as the subject of an assertion, (which then can be put in the nom. case only); predication, assertion; See P.II.3.2 Sk.

3) A name, appellation, title, designation; अभिधानà¤� तॠपशà¥à¤šà¤¾à¤¤à¥à¤¤à¤¸à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤¹à¤®à¤¶à¥à¤°à¥Œà¤·à¤®à¥� (²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹á¹� tu paÅ›cÄttasyÄhamaÅ›rauá¹£am) K.32; तवाभिधानादà¥� वà¥à¤¯à¤¥à¤¤à¥‡ नताननः (tavÄbhi»å³óÄånÄd vyathate natÄnanaá¸�) KirÄtÄrjunÄ«ya 1.24; (at the end of comp.) called, named; ऋणाभिधानादà¥� बनà¥à¤§à¤¨à¤¾à¤¤à¥ (ṛṇÄbhi»å³óÄånÄd bandhanÄt) R.3.2.

4) An expression, word.

5) Speech, discourse महतà¥à¤¤à¤®à¤�- नामभिधानयोगः (mahattamÄ- nÄm²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹yogaá¸�) BhÄgavata 1.18.18.

6) A dictionary, vocabulary (of words), lexicon (in these last 4 senses said to be also m.)

7) A song, षटà¥à¤ªà¤¾à¤¦à¤¤à¤¨à¥à¤¤à¥à¤°à¥€à¤®à¤§à¥à¤°à¤¾à¤­à¤¿à¤§à¤¾à¤¨à¤®à¥ (á¹£aá¹­pÄå»å²¹³Ù²¹²Ô³Ù°ùÄ«³¾²¹»å³ó³Ü°ùÄå²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹³¾) ¸éÄå³¾.4.28,36.

Derivable forms: ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹m (अभिधानमà¥).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).—n.

(-²Ô²¹á¹�) 1. A name, an appellation. 2. Speaking, speech. 3. A vocabulary, a dictionary. E. As before, ±ô²â³Üá¹� aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).—i. e. ²¹²ú³ó¾±-»å³óÄå + ana, n. 1. A name, [KathÄsaritsÄgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 7, 112. 2. A word.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान).—[neuter] = [preceding] [feminine] + statement, speech, discourse, word; also = seq; [feminine] »å³óÄå²ÔÄ« a halter.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) ´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान):—[=²¹²ú³ó¾±-»å³óÄå²Ô²¹] [from ²¹²ú³ó¾±-»å³óÄå] n. telling, naming, speaking, speech, manifesting

2) [v.s. ...] a name, title, appellation, expression, word

3) [v.s. ...] a vocabulary, dictionary, lexicon

4) [v.s. ...] putting together, bringing in close connection, [VÄjasaneyi-saṃhitÄ-prÄtiÅ›Äkhya]

5) [v.s. ...] ([Comparative degree] -tara), [???]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान):—[tatpurusha compound] 1. n.

(-nam) 1) Naming, telling, expressing; e. g. in the ³ÕÄå°ù³Ù³Ù. to ±ÊÄåá¹�.: ká¹£ubdhaá¹� manthÄbhi»å³óÄåna iti vaktavyam; or svÄntaá¹� manobhi»å³óÄåna iti vaktavyam; or dhvÄntaá¹� manobhi»å³óÄåna iti vaktavyam; or avÄtÄbhi»å³óÄåna iti vaktavyam; or Patanj. to ±ÊÄåá¹�.: kaá¸� punarvÄ«psÄrthaá¸� . anavayavÄbhi»å³óÄånaá¹� vÄ«psÄrthaá¸� . anavayavena dravyÄṇÄm²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹meá¹£a vÄ«psÄrthaá¸�; or in the NyÄya S.: arthÄdÄpannasya svaÅ›abdena punar²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹m; or in the MÄ«mÄṃsÄ S.: guṇÄbhi»å³óÄånÄtsarvÄrtham²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹m; or SÄhityad.: (nÄndÄ«) pÅ«rvaraá¹…gasya raá¹…gadvÄrÄbhi»å³óÄånamaá¹…gamityucyate.—In writings on the MÄ«mÄṃsÄ philosophy ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ or ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²â²¹°ì²¹³Ù±¹²¹ are used sometimes in opposition to ±¹¾±»å³óÄå²â²¹°ì²¹³Ù±¹²¹, when the former imply such expressions or passages in the Vedas as do not contain a vidhi or injunction, but merely a description or explanation; the word becomes in such cases a synonyme of ²¹²Ô³Ü±¹Äå»å²¹ q. v.; e. g. MÄ«mÄṃsÄ S.: vidhimantrayoraikÄrthyamaikaÅ›abdyÄt . api vÄ prayogasÄmarthyÄnmantro bhi»å³óÄånavÄcÄ« syÄt; JaiminÄ«yanyÄyam.: devÄṃśca yÄbhiryajata ityÄkhyÄtaá¹� tu mantragam . vi»å³óÄåyakaá¹� na vÄnyena samatvÄttadvi»å³óÄåyakam . yacchabdÄdeá¸� kṣīṇaÅ›aktirna vidhistrividhaá¹� tataá¸� . ÄkhyÄtam²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹á¹� ca pra»å³óÄånaguṇakarmaṇÄ� (comm.: ayaá¹� mantra ÄmnÄyate . devÄṃśca yÄbhiryajate dadÄti ca jyogittÄbhiá¸� sacate gopatiá¸� saheti .…tatra yathÄ brÄhmaṇagatamÄkhyÄtapadaá¹� pra»å³óÄånaguṇakarmaṇoranyatarasya vi»å³óÄåyakam . tathÄ mantragatamapÄ«ti cet .. maivam . yacchabdÄdinÄ vidhiÅ›akteá¸� kṣīṇatvÄt . sati hi yacchabde tasya vÄkyasyÄnuvÄdakatvaá¹� pratÄ«yate . na tu vi»å³óÄåyakatvam .…tasmÄdÄkhyÄtasya pra»å³óÄånakarmavi»å³óÄåyakatvaá¹� guṇakarmavi»å³óÄåyakatvaá¹� cetyevaá¹� dvÄveva prakÄrau na bhavataá¸� . kiṃtv²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²â²¹°ì²¹³Ù±¹²¹mityapyasti tá¹›tÄ«yaá¸� prakÄraá¸� . tato na mantragatÄkhyÄtasya vi»å³óÄåyakatvam).—Comp. also ²ú²¹³ó±¹²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (in the sense of bahuvacana).

2) A proposition, a rule, an axiom; (this seems to be the sense of the word in the comm. on the VÄjas. PrÄtiÅ›. 4. 141., where ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ would imply the axiom or law taught by the SÅ«tra; comp. the preceding words tasyaitaducyate).

3) The same as ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå Ii. 2.; e. g. KÄvyapr.: laká¹£aṇÄtmakameva dhvananam . tadanugamena tasya darÅ›anÄt . na ca tadanugatameva . ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄånÄvalambanenÄpi tasya bhÄvÄnna cobhayÄnusÄryeva.

4) The being named, the being expressed; e. g. in the NyÄya S.: kÄraṇadravyasya pradeÅ›aÅ›abdenÄbhi»å³óÄånÄt; or in the VedÄnta S.: jyotiÅ›caraṇÄbhi»å³óÄånÄt; or chandobhi»å³óÄånÄnneti cenna &c.; or sukhaviÅ›iṣṭÄbhi»å³óÄånÄdeva ca; or Jayamangala in the comm. on the Bhaá¹­á¹­ik.: samaÅ›abdenopamÄyÄ ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄånÄt &c.; or Bharatas. in his comm. on the same: vá¹›ddhikriyayostulyakÄlayorvavá¹›dha ityanenÄbhi»å³óÄånÄt.

5) Speech, discourse.

6) A vocabulary; e. g. Vopad.: ká¹›ttaddhitasamÄsÄnÄm²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹á¹� niyÄmakam; comp. also Colebr. Ess. Ii. p. 52. 2. m. n.

(-²Ô²¹á¸�-²Ô²¹³¾) 1) A name, an appellation; e. g. KirÄtÄrj.: tavÄbhi»å³óÄånÄdvyathate natÄnanaá¸� (Mallin.: tavÄbhi»å³óÄånÄnnÄmadheyÄnnÄmadheyasmaraṇÄt); or ÅšiÅ›upÄlab.: jagati sumanasastadÄdi nÅ«naá¹� dadhati parisphuá¹­amarthatobhi»å³óÄånam; or Jaimini SÅ«tra: uktaá¹� kriyÄbhi»å³óÄånaá¹� syÄttadabhÄve prasiddhaá¹� syÄt; comp. also the instance s. v. ²¹²ú³ó¾±³¦Äå°ù²¹³¾²¹²Ô³Ù°ù²¹.

2) A word; e. g. the ṬīkÄå on the SÄhityad.: anvitÄbhi»å³óÄånavÄdino (i. e. those who argue that the words of a sentence are logically connected) mÄ«mÄṃsakaguravastu kriyÄkÄrakayoá¸� prathamata evÄnvayabodho jÄyate tataá¸� Å›aktigrahaá¸�; or KÄvyapr.: himapayaḥśaá¹…kÄdyÄÅ›rayeá¹£u paramÄrthato bhinneá¹£u Å›uklÄdiá¹£u yadvaÅ›ena Å›uklaá¸� Å›ukla ityÄdyabhinnÄbhi»å³óÄånapratyayotpattiá¸�; or SuÅ›ruta: vyaktÄbhi»å³óÄånamakhilena vidhiá¹� nibodha &c.; or Manu: strīṇÄṃ…ÄśīrvÄdÄbhi»å³óÄånavat (scil. ²ÔÄå³¾²¹»å³ó±ð²â²¹³¾).

3) A sound (?); comp. ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå Ii. 3. and the following article. [The double gender of the word is mentioned by the ³§¾±»å»å³óÄå²Ô³Ù²¹°ì., but apparently restricted to the meanings given under 2., for the ³Ò²¹á¹‡a°ù²¹³Ù²Ô²¹³¾. which mentions the word in the Gaṇa ²¹°ù»å³ó²¹°ù³¦Äå»å¾±±ÊÄåá¹�. Ii. 4. 31. —explains it ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹á¹� or ²¹²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄåno nÄma Å›²¹²ú»å²¹Å›ca.] 3. f.

(-²ÔÄ«) (ved.) A rope, a halter; (thus explained by °­²¹¾±²â²â²¹á¹­a when speaking of the meanings of »å³óÄå with abhi, viz. abhipÅ«rvastÄvadda»å³óÄåtirbandhanoccÄraṇapratipÄdaneá¹£u vartate . aÅ›vÄbhi»å³óÄå²ÔÄ«mÄdatta ityatra bandhanavá¹›ttiá¸� &c.). E. »å³óÄå with abhi, ká¹›t aff. ±ô²â³Üá¹�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान):—[²¹²ú³ó¾±-»å³óÄå²Ô²¹] (²Ô²¹á¹�) 1. n. A name; speaking; a dictionary.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: ´¡²ú³ó¾±³óÄåṇa, ´¡³ó¾±³óÄåṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

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Sanskrit, also spelled संसà¥à¤•ृतमà¥� (²õ²¹á¹ƒs°ìá¹›t²¹³¾), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (अभिधान) [Also spelled abhidhan]:â€�(nm) a name; noun; nomenclature.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

´¡²ú³ó¾±»å³óÄå²Ô²¹ (ಅಭಿಧಾನ):â€�

1) [noun] the act of naming or calling by name.

2) [noun] a name.

3) [noun] expression or communication of thoughts and feelings by spoken words; speech.

4) [noun] mutual exchange of thoughts, feelings, opinions or ideas, by spoken words; conversation.

5) [noun] a book of words (usu. alphabetically listed) in a language, with definitions, etymologies, pronunciations, and other information either in the same language or in another language; a lexicon; a dictionary.

6) [noun] the meaning or literary expanse of a word.

7) [noun] fame; renown.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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