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Significance of Logic

Logic, as defined in various philosophical traditions, plays a significant role in understanding and interpreting teachings within Tibetan Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Vyakarana, Vedanta, and Dharmashastra. In Tibetan Buddhism, Logic encompasses a broad field of study and includes teachings like tshad ma. Vaishnavism highlights Logic as a tool for comprehending relationships and emphasizes the limitations of rational thought. Vyakarana focuses on correct reasoning principles, while Vedanta studies valid inference. Dharmashastra regards Logic, or Tarka, as essential for interpreting Vedic texts.1
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Synonyms: Reasoning, Rationality, Soundness, Justification, Deduction, Analysis, Thought process., Inference, Argumentation, Thought process, Judgment, Cognitive process

In Dutch: Logica; In Finnish: Logiikka; In Spanish: ³¢Ã³²µ¾±³¦²¹; In German: Logik

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Logic'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Logic, or tshad ma, is a significant field of study that evolved alongside Prajnaparamita, notably through teachings and translations, highlighting its educational importance in Buddhist philosophy, as illustrated by Dharmasvamin's engagement with it.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)

(1) A field of study that began to spread during this period, established through teachings and translations.[1] (2) Referred to as tshad ma, a field of study the Dharmasvamin engaged with during his education.[2] (3) Another branch of study that phyogs las rnam rgyal taught, alongside Prajnaparamita.[3]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Logic'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Logic encompasses the study of reasoning, valid inference, and structured argumentation. It aids in understanding relationships, supports scriptural interpretation, and highlights the limits of rational thought, especially concerning divine nature.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) The ability to use reasoned argumentation which complements skill in scripture for the uttamadhikari.[4] (2) The method through which one can comprehend the relationships between different rasas and their respective friendships and enmities.[5] (3) The structured reasoning that helps in understanding and deducing conclusions, which is not being utilized in this context.[6]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) durvitarkaya; signifies the limitations of rational thought when trying to comprehend the nature of divine manifestations.[7]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)

(1) The systematic study of principles of valid inference and reasoning, conveyed through speech.[8] (2) The study of reasoning and the principles of valid inference.[9]

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) Nyaya signifies the philosophy and principles of logical reasoning and debate.[10]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar):
Vyakarana Books

From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

(1) The quality of being reasonable or valid in reasoning, particularly in the context of addressing objections about time and action non-accomplishment.[11]

Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Referred to as Tarka, it is considered essential for understanding and interpreting Vedic texts.[12]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.