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Significance of Khanda

Khanda is a term with diverse meanings in various philosophical and cultural contexts. In Jainism, it refers to the fragmentation of matter. In Shilpashastra and Purana, it denotes divisions within sacred texts, with Khanda representing sections in the Vishnudharmottarapurana and Padma Purana. Meanwhile, in Theravada Buddhism, Khanda characterizes the five aggregates of a sentient being. Other interpretations come from Natyashastra, Vyakarana, Vedanta, Rasashastra, and ancient historical texts, each highlighting its multifaceted significance.1
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Synonyms: Sword, Blade, Weapon, Scimitar

In Dutch: Khanda; In German: Khanda; In Finnish: Khanda; In Spanish: Khanda; In Swedish: Khanda; In Malay: Khanda; In French: Khanda

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Khanda'

Buddhism Books

Khanda in Buddhism encompasses two interpretations: the five aggregates (form, sensation, perception, mental formations, consciousness) that define sentient existence, and the formal declarations by the Samgha to resolve conflicts and uphold community unity.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga

(1) Refers to the formal declaration expected from the Samgha to address issues of conflict and maintain unity among the community.[1]

From: Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)

(1) The five aggregates that comprise a sentient being: form, sensation, perception, mental formations, and consciousness, influenced by one's actions.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Khanda'

Hinduism Books

Khanda in Hinduism encompasses various interpretations including geographical divisions, classifications of verses in texts, and structural sections in scriptures like the Padma and Vishnudharmottarapurana, highlighting its significance in sacred narratives and teachings.

Significance in Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy):
Rasashastra Books

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances

(1) Referenced chemist still recalled.[3]

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2: Minerals (uparasa)

(1) A powdered form of Manas-shila that is very red, heavy, and is considered the best variety due to its ample essence.[4]

Rasashastra is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Vishnu Purana

(1) Sections or divisions of the Skanda Purana, which total five hundred according to the Suta Samhita.[5]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) Yet another name belonging to the eight sons, serving as a unique identifier.[6]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Mundaka Upanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) A term referring to a section of the text that emphasizes the distinction between Brahman and Jiva.[7]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):
Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) A combination of three Karanas, contributing to a larger movement sequence or pattern.[8]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Jain concept of 'Khanda'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Khanda signifies the fragmentation of matter, symbolizing the process of breaking apart, much like a stone shattering upon impact, reflecting the transient nature of physical existence.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)

(1) A result of breaking matter into pieces, akin to a stone fragmenting upon impact.[9]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Khanda in local and regional sources

History Books

Khanda, as described, is a smaller territorial unit compared to vishaya, appearing in historical records. This highlights its potential significance in regional governance and administrative divisions in historical contexts.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) The text divides every 10 degrees into a khanda (section) and the value of the differences of sine is provided, used for sine calculations.[10]

Plural form: Khandas.