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Significance of Hostility

Hostility is portrayed across various contexts in Jainism, Arthashastra, Purana, and even in scientific realms. In Jainism, it reflects deep-rooted enmity and aggressive attitudes leading to conflict. Arthashastra highlights distrust in relationships, while Purana illustrates violent competition, particularly between the Pandavas and Kauravas, and toxic familial emotions. The historical perspective denotes confrontational stances between groups. In science, hostility is linked to Type A behavior, which can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, emphasizing its multifaceted nature.

Synonyms: Animosity, Enmity, Resentment, Bitterness, Hatred, Antagonism, Opposition, Aggression, Conflict, Aversion

In Dutch: Vijandigheid; In Finnish: Vihamielisyys; In Spanish: Hostilidad; In German: Feindseligkeit

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Hostility'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, hostility encompasses violent conflict exemplified by the Pandavas and Kauravas, jealousy among women, distrust in friendships, and an emotional state opposing peace, suggesting a need to transcend negative feelings for harmony.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) A negative emotion that Mandapala associates with the competition and jealousy experienced between women, particularly in familial contexts.[1] (2) The violent competition and conflict between the Pandavas and Kauravas, rooted in Duryodhana's claims and actions against the Pandavas.[2]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Hitopadesha (English translation)

(1) A potential reaction that the Crow experiences from Golden-skin when seeking friendship, indicating distrust.[3]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Jain concept of 'Hostility'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, hostility encompasses deep-rooted enmity, as seen in Indra’s anger toward Ravana, negative feelings from past deeds, and aggressive attitudes that often escalate into conflict, reflecting the detrimental impact of negative emotions.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) The negative feelings the shethni has towards Gangadatta, linked to past deeds.[4] (2) An ongoing enmity that has deep roots, referenced in the context of Indra's anger towards Ravana.[5] (3) An aggressive or unfriendly attitude towards someone, often leading to conflict.[6]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Hostility in local and regional sources

History Books

Hostility encompasses an aggressive, confrontational stance between conflicting groups or nations, underscoring the tension and conflict inherent in such relationships as described by regional sources.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) An aggressive or confrontational attitude exhibited between opposing groups or nations.[7]

The concept of Hostility in scientific sources

Science Books

Hostility, a component of Type A behavior, is linked to increased coronary heart disease risk. Studies suggest that heightened hostility may predict clinical CHD events, indicating its significance in health assessments.

Significance in Scientific journals, articles, etc.:

From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences

(1) A component of Type A behavior, which may be correlated with coronary heart disease risk, as some studies noted that clinical CHD events are predicted by this.[8]

This section includes scientific research in the field of healthcare, often involving traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Holistic health. It includes papers from scientific journals classified as either original, clinical or experimental research, review articles or case reports.