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Significance of Consent

Consent is a multifaceted concept that varies across different traditions. In Tibetan Buddhism, it involves decisions regarding roles and responsibilities. In Kavya and Dharmashastra, it pertains to agreements related to sacrifice and sexual engagement, respectively, with legal implications. Theravada underscores the importance of consent in both sexual contexts and communal decisions among monks, as well as parental consent in monastic traditions. In the realm of science, consent is crucial for ethical participation in studies and medical treatments, requiring voluntary agreements from patients.1
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Synonyms: Agreement, Permission, Approval, Assent, Authorization, Acceptance, Acquiescence, Sanction, Certification

In Dutch: Toestemming; In Finnish: Suostumus; In Spanish: Consentir; In German: Zustimmung; In Malay: Persetujuan; In Swedish: Samtycke; In French: Consentement

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Consent'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Consent encompasses agreement in sexual matters among monks, required approval for monastic commitments, and group consensus for actions, highlighting its importance in ethical conduct and communal decision-making within the monastic community.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks鈥� rules)

(1) Agreement among monks regarding the allocation and usage of benefits.[1] (2) The agreement or approval that must be given by the monks before carrying out a formal act.[2] (3) Agreement or permission for something to happen, especially regarding sexual activity.[3] (4) The agreement or permission given by a monk or nun in sexual circumstances; lack of consent can absolve one from offences.[4]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka

(1) The approval that is emphasized as necessary for a child to go forth in the monastic tradition, specifically parental consent.[5]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)

(1) Dborn sher 'byung's decision to not accept the position of abbot when offered by sgom pa.[6]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Consent'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Consent encompasses formal requests to deities for rituals, agreements for sacrifices, a maiden's approval for sexual relations, and the necessity of higher caste wives' permission for religious acts, differing from Shudra wives.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) The agreement of the maiden to engage in sexual intercourse, affecting the legal consequences for the man.[7] (2) Permission or approval required from wives of the higher castes before performing certain religious acts, which is not necessary for a Shudra wife.[8]

From: Khadira-grihya-sutra

(1) A formal request made to deities for approval to carry out the ritual, often repeated multiple times.[9]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) The agreement given by Gayasura to Brahma, allowing his body to be used as a site for sacrifice.[10]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

The concept of Consent in scientific sources

Science Books

Consent refers to a patient's voluntary agreement necessary for medical treatment or procedures, which can be expressed either explicitly in writing or implied based on the circumstances surrounding the treatment.

Significance in Scientific journals, articles, etc.:

From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences

(1) This is the process of obtaining a patient's permission to participate in a study, which is essential for ethical and legal reasons.[11]

This section includes scientific research in the field of healthcare, often involving traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Holistic health. It includes papers from scientific journals classified as either original, clinical or experimental research, review articles or case reports.