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Significance of Cakravartin

Cakravartin, in various traditions such as Buddhism and Jainism, refers to a 'universal monarch' or sovereign ruler who embodies ideals of justice, righteousness, and cosmic authority. This title signifies a leader with supreme power and respect, often ruling ethically over all subjects and symbolizing the king's significant role in the cosmic order. In different literatures, Cakravartin is associated with figures of extraordinary virtue and authority, often likened to the cyclical nature of kingship and the responsibilities of governance.1
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Synonyms: Universal monarch, Sovereign ruler, Emperor, King, Supreme leader, World ruler, Universal ruler, World emperor, Sovereign king

In Dutch: Cakravartin; In German: Cakravartin; In Finnish: Cakravartin; In Spanish: Cakravartin; In Swedish: Cakravartin; In Malay: Cakravartin; In French: Cakravartin

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Cakravartin'

Buddhism Books

Cakravartin in Buddhism symbolizes a universal monarch embodying righteousness and governance, akin to how lust governs individuals. This ideal ruler, described as a 'wheel-turning' king, presides over vast territories under specific conditions.

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha)

(1) A 'wheel-turning king' who would rule justly over all beings if Bodhisattva remained in the world.[1] (2) A concept of a universal monarch who governs all, likened to how lust can rule over individuals.[2] (3) A 'wheel-turning' monarch; a reference to a universal ruler in Buddhist texts.[3]

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: 础产丑颈诲丑补谤尘补办辞艣补

(1) Cakravartins are ideal monarchs or kings who reign over vast territories and embody righteousness, appearing under specific conditions of lifespan.[4]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Cakravartin'

Hinduism Books

Cakravartin in Hinduism represents a universal monarch with supreme authority, characterized by righteousness and respect, with various interpretations ranging from skilled individuals to figures in literature, embodying both power and dharma.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Cakravartis denotes another group mentioned in the text, also recognized for their commitment to education.[5] (2) Prominent figures within the learned class who are involved in the blasphemy of Lord Caitanya.[6] (3) A figure astonished by the child's beauty and a commentator on astrological positions.[7] (4) Individuals skilled in fruitive rituals, who also failed to understand the true essence of the shastras.[8]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Shilpashastra (iconography):
Shilpashastra Books

From: Manasara (English translation)

(1) A universal monarch or emperor, characterized as powerful, victorious, and respected by other kings.[9] (2) The universal monarch, a king with unrivaled power, ruling over an extensive empire.[10] (3) A term for a universal monarch or king in ancient Indian literature, emphasized in relation to the throne and ornamental trees.[11] (4) A universal monarch or king, often viewed in Indian texts as an ideal ruler who governs with righteousness.[12]

Shilpashastra represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) A term that translates to 'universal monarch', often associated with the ideal ruler in Buddhist texts.[13] (2) A translation figure used to describe incidents related to poison-damsels in classical literature, highlighting their dangerous natures.[14]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Jain concept of 'Cakravartin'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Cakravartin represents an ideal universal monarch embodying righteousness and supreme authority. This archetype signifies a ruler's spiritual significance over worldly power, emphasizing justice, benevolence, and the cyclical nature of kingship.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A term used to describe the twelve universal monarchs who attain sovereign power and are significant figures in the spiritual narrative.[15] (2) A title associating the king with divine rule and universal sovereignty, respected by both the gods and his subjects.[16] (3) A revered figure the King comes to worship, representing an ideal ruler or universal monarch.[17] (4) The title for the king who is the ultimate ruler and receiver of service and tributes.[18] (5) A title referring to a universal ruler, suggesting significant spiritual authority in a future life.[19]

From: Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti)

(1) A group of twelve exemplary rulers, highlighting the importance of their lineage and contributions.[20] (2) A significant category of rulers or sovereigns, mentioned among the inhabitants of Jambu-dvipa.[21]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Plural form: Cakravartis.