Buddhist Perspective on the Development of Social Welfare
by Ashin Indacara | 2011 | 61,386 words
This page relates 鈥楾hree Abstinences Mental Concomitants or States (Virati-Cetasika)鈥� of the study on the Buddhist perspective on the development of Social Welfare, employing primarily the concepts of Utthana-sampada (persistent effort) and Arakkha-sampada (watchfulness). Based on the teachings of the Buddha in the Dighajanu Sutta and other canonical texts, this essay emphasizes the importance of effort, knowledge, and good karma in achieving social welfare.
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7. Three Abstinences Mental Concomitants or States (Virat墨-Cetasika)
According to Abhidhamma, 蝉墨濒补 is 惫颈谤补迟墨-cetasika and it is translated as 鈥榓bstinences mental concomitant or factor or states in English. There are three 惫颈谤补迟墨-cetasika and they are known as the 蝉墨濒补-尘补驳驳补峁単补蝉 (morality components of the Path). They constitute the 蝉墨濒补-蝉颈办办丑腻 (morality-training) which is the foundation of the noble Eightfold Path (ariya-补峁弓丑补峁単颈办补尘补驳驳补).
They are:鈥�
(1) 厂补尘尘腻-惫腻肠腻: right speech,
(2) 厂补尘尘腻-kammanta: right action,
(3) 厂补尘尘腻-腻箩墨惫补: right livelihood.
1. In 厂补尘尘腻-惫腻肠腻,
There are four-fold of right speech, namely, abstaining from:鈥�-
(1) 惭耻蝉腻惫腻诲补: lying,
(2) Pisuna惫腻肠腻: slandering,
(3) Pharusa惫腻肠腻: harsh speech
(4) 厂补尘辫丑补辫辫补濒腻辫腻: frivolous talk
When one comes face to face with the situation to commit one of the above four false speech, and one abstains from saying it, then one acquires samm膩-惫腻肠腻 at the instant of abstinence.
2. In 厂补尘尘腻-Kammanta,
The right action, here, means the bodily action which is total abstinence from:
(1) 笔腻苍腻迟颈辫腻迟腻: Killing,
(2) 础诲颈苍苍腻诲腻苍腻: stealing,
(3) 碍腻尘别蝉耻-尘颈肠肠丑腻肠腻谤腻: sexual misconduct.
Again when one is in the situation about to commit one of the above immoral actions, and one abstains from committing it, then one acquires 蝉补尘尘腻-办补尘尘补苍迟补 at the moment of abstinence.
3. In 厂补尘尘腻-膧j墨va,
Right Livelihood is one of factors in the Noble Eightfold Path. It is not determined by the amount of material wealth it produces, but rather by the well-being it generates. Many livelihoods which produce a surplus of wealth simply cater to desires rather than providing for any true need.[1]
The right livelihood means abstaining form a livelihood that brings harm to other beings, such as trading in arms, living beings, intoxicating drinks and poison as well as slaughtering, fishing, soldiering, deceit treachery, soothsaying trickery, etc.[2]