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Vasubandhu is also known as 鈥渢he second Buddha鈥�^[1]. Dr. S.C. Vidhy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 maintains that he lived about 410-490 A.D. and a contemporary of Sa峁単habhadra (痴补颈产丑腻峁�i办补 teacher) in 489 A.D.^[2] In Chinese, Vasubandhu is called 鈥淪eish鈥� and in Tibetan 鈥凄飞测颈驳-驳苍别苍鈥�. Arya 础蝉补峁単补 was his elder brother. Earlier he followed 痴补颈产丑腻峁�i办补 of 厂补谤惫腻蝉迟颈惫腻诲补 School but later on he became the follower of 驰辞驳腻肠腻谤补 School of 惭补丑腻测腻苍补. He lived some years in Sakala, Kausambi and Ayodhya. He was the teacher of Di峁卬膩ga.

The Works of Vasubandhu

He was the author of many works. Some of the original works are preserved in Sanskrit, and other available in Chinese and Tibetan translations. Dr. S.C. Vidhy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 mentions that Hsuan-tsang saw three works of Vasubandhu that deals with the art of debate. These works were styled in Chinese as Ronki (痴腻诲补vidhi), Ronshiki (痴腻诲补 尘腻谤驳补) and Roshin (痴腻诲补-碍补耻艣补濒补).^[3] These works deal with the basic principles of the art of debate. Another work named 罢补谤办补艣腻蝉迟谤补 is also attributed to Vasubandhu. But there is not any evidence to support this. Some of his important works are:

1. 痴腻诲补vidhi: This is the only work which extent in survived form. It is the earliest work that deals with logical issues. It indicates the dawn of Indian formal logic.

2. Tarka-艣腻蝉迟谤补: This is a logical treatise which has three chapters, viz, (1) Five parts of syllogism (笔补帽肠腻惫补测补苍补), (2) The analogues (箩腻迟颈), (3) The points of defeat (苍颈驳谤补丑补蝉迟丑腻苍补). The first chapter of the treatise deals with five parts of syllogism, viz, a proposition (辫谤补迟颈箩帽腻), a reason (hetu), an example (耻诲腻丑补峁沘峁嘺), application (upanaya), and conclusion (nigamana). The second chapter deals with analogues which has divided into three categories viz. (1) Viparyaya 办丑补峁囜笉补苍补 (a rejoinder on the basis of reversion) (2) Nirathaka 办丑补峁囜笉补苍补 (a rejoinder on the ground of meaningless), (3) 痴颈辫补谤墨迟补 办丑补峁囜笉补苍补 (a contrary rejoinder). The last chapter deals with twenty two types of Nigrahasthanas.

3. 笔补帽肠补蝉办补苍诲丑补办补-辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺: This work is an analysis of aggregations of five events that constitutes a living organism. The text analyses the formation of personality or individual. These five skandhas or 辫补帽肠补蝉办补苍诲丑补蝉 are the aggregate of matter, the aggregate of feelings, the aggregate of cognition, the aggregate of motivational dispositions and the aggregate of consciousnesses.^[4] This work may be included in the class of philosophical and psychological texts.

4. The karma siddhi 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺: This scholastic work written in the style of 办辞艣补 and it uses the technique of expressions. The author鈥檚 views are arranged as the objections of opponents theses. It quotes the 惭补丑腻测腻苍补sandhinirm艒cana蝉奴迟谤补.

This is an authoritative scripture. He analyses three kinds of action namely bodily action, verbal action, and mental action in 蝉奴迟谤补 style. This represents the philosophical contents.

5. 痴颈峁兣沘迟墨办补-办腻谤颈办补 (痴峁泃迟颈): This famous work is well designed as one of the last three works Vasubandhu wrote.^[5] Most interesting thing is that his approach and attitude towards realities as ascetic. The difference between realities and illusion is explained studiously in this work.

6. Tri峁兣沬ka K膩rika: It is listed as an analysis of the reciprocal relationship between the store consciousness and evolving consciousness which is clearly out lined. He speaks on the metaphors 鈥渟elf鈥� and 鈥渆vents鈥� in a composites type. The term 鈥�Manas鈥� is used in a new sense and it includes the seventh consciousness type which projects as a sense of ego.

7. Madhy膩nt膩 Vibh膩峁単a Bh膩峁�ya: This work represents a gradual peeling method to remove illusions. Vasubandhu discusses interestingly in showing a path which conceived through conventional method and how it leads to the abandonment of all mental constructions.

8. Tri 厂惫补产丑腻惫补 狈颈谤诲别艣补: This work is considered as his last work.^[6] It deals with the therapeutic theory of 驰辞驳腻肠腻谤补. Abhidharma办辞艣补 and 痴颈箩帽补辫迟颈尘腻迟谤补迟腻-迟谤颈峁兣沘办补 were the two most celebrated works among of his twenty odd works. These represent the successive development of his philosophical views. Abhidharma办辞艣补 the genius treatise is divided into eight treasure house (办辞艣补sth膩na).

From the beginning of 5^th Century AD a new era started in the growth of Buddhist philosophy. In that period a famous Buddhist scholar tried to introduce logical doctrines in Buddhist philosophy. Later he became known as 鈥渢he Father of Buddhist Logic鈥�. He was Di峁卬膩ga.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Th. Stcherbatsky, op.cit, p.32.

[2]:

S.C. Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺, A History of Indian Logic, p. 266.

[3]:

Ibid., p. 267.

[4]:

S. Anacker, Seven Works of Vasubandhu, p. 65.

[5]:

Ibid., p. 159.

[6]:

Ibid., p. 289.