A comprehensive review on
preparation of fast dissolving tablets, characterization, optimization and evaluation
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A comprehensive review on
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a plant cassia tora (fabaceae) as antipsoriatic agent
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Kale Akshada Sudhakar, A. N. Aher, Donagre Gauri Shantaram, Band Pranali Sandeep, Chawan Ashwini Ramkrushna and S. R. Gawali
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A comprehensive review on
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202013-18914
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) have garnered significant attention as a promising formulation in drug delivery systems due to their ability to disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity without the need for water. This innovative dosage form has been developed primarily to improve patient compliance, particularly for individuals who face difficulties swallowing traditional tablets, such as children and the elderly. The review covers various aspects of FDTs, including their formulation, evaluation techniques, and the increasing variety of commercial products available in the market. The authors, Ganesh Lal et al., highlight the advantages and limitations of FDTs, along with the novel techniques adopted in their preparation.
Importance of FDTs in Medication Administration
One of the critical aspects of FDTs is their ability to enhance patient convenience and adherence to medication regimens. FDTs dissolve quickly in the buccal cavity, providing rapid onset of action as they are absorbed directly through the oral mucosa. This feature is particularly advantageous for patients who may have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms or lack access to water at the time of administration. The design of FDTs allows for their use in various therapeutic areas, improving bioavailability and reducing the first-pass metabolism effect. As a result, FDTs can offer an effective alternative to traditional oral dosage forms, ultimately improving therapeutic efficacy.
Formulation Challenges and Ingredients
The formulation of FDTs presents unique challenges, particularly regarding maintaining their mechanical strength and ensuring palatability. Since these tablets must disintegrate rapidly, they are often less robust than traditional tablets, making handling and packaging more difficult. Additionally, effective taste masking is essential to improve patient compliance, as many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have undesirable flavors. The incorporation of excipients, such as super disintegrants and flavoring agents, plays a crucial role in balancing the disintegration properties, mechanical strength, and palatability of FDTs. The review underscores the importance of selecting appropriate excipients and employing suitable manufacturing techniques for optimal formulation.
Patent Technologies and Innovations
The FDT technology landscape is continually evolving, with numerous patented techniques developed to enhance the dissolution properties and stability of these dosage forms. Notable technologies include Zydis, Durasolv, and Wowtab, each with specific advantages and limitations concerning mechanical strength, stability, and dissolution rates. These patented processes have led to the creation of commercially available FDT products that cater to various therapeutic needs. The ongoing innovation in FDT technology reflects the pharmaceutical industry's response to patient demands for more convenient, effective, and user-friendly medication options.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Fast Dissolving Tablets represent a significant advancement in pharmaceutical formulations aimed at improving patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. By addressing common issues associated with traditional solids, such as dysphagia and the need for water, FDTs facilitate easier medication administration for vulnerable populations. The review by Ganesh Lal et al. provides extensive insights into the formulation, challenges, and advancements in FDT technology. With continued research and development, FDTs are poised to become an increasingly common choice in the pharmaceutical market, meeting the needs of diverse patient groups and enhancing overall treatment experiences.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) and their benefits?
Fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) are oral dosage forms that disintegrate quickly in the mouth, providing rapid medication delivery without water. They enhance patient compliance, especially for those with swallowing difficulties, and improve bioavailability compared to traditional tablets.
What are the common challenges in formulating FDTs?
Challenges include palatability due to bitter tastes, maintaining mechanical strength, hygroscopicity affecting stability, and the necessity of specialized packaging. Proper formulation is crucial to avoid grittiness and ensure effective delivery.
What excipients are typically used in FDT formulations?
Common excipients for FDTs include super disintegrants like Croscarmellose Sodium, Crospovidone, binders, flavor masking agents, and fillers such as mannitol. These help enhance taste and improve disintegration time.
How do FDTs improve patient adherence to medication?
FDTs cater to patients who struggle with swallowing traditional tablets, such as the elderly and children. Their ability to dissolve quickly in the mouth offers convenience, reducing fears of choking and facilitating easier medication intake.
What patented technologies are used for producing FDTs?
Several patented technologies exist for FDT production, including Zydis, Durasolv, and Wowtab. Each technology has unique advantages and disadvantages, affecting factors like dissolution rate, mechanical strength, and dosage flexibility.
What evaluation parameters are critical for FDT quality assessment?
Critical evaluation parameters for FDTs include weight variation, hardness, friability, and porosity. These tests ensure the tablets meet quality standards for mechanical integrity and disintegration performance.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A comprehensive review on�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drugs are chemical substances used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases. They may come in various forms, including tablets, liquids, and creams. The development of new dosage forms like fast dissolving tablets is essential to enhance drug delivery and optimize therapeutic effectiveness in patients.
2) Swelling:
Swelling in pharmaceuticals, particularly in fast dissolving tablets, relates to the expansion of disintegrates upon contact with moisture. This physical change is crucial for the disintegration process, enabling the tablet to break apart, thereby enhancing the release of the active ingredient and improving bioavailability in the human body.
3) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for therapeutic purposes that can be administered in various forms, including oral, injectable, or topical. The formulation of medicines into fast dissolving tablets addresses specific patient challenges, providing convenience and increasing bioavailability, which is essential for effective treatment outcomes.
4) Table:
In the pharmaceutical context, a table refers to a dosage form of medication typically in solid form. Tablets are favored for their precision, ease of use, and stability. Innovations like fast dissolving tablets enhance user experience by allowing quicker disintegration and absorption, addressing the needs of specific patient populations.
5) Swallowing:
Swallowing is the act of moving food or medication from the mouth to the stomach. For many patients, particularly children and the elderly, swallowing conventional tablets can be difficult due to conditions like dysphagia. Fast dissolving formulations offer an alternative, enabling easier ingestion with increased adherence to medication regimens.
6) Crushing:
Crushing in the context of pharmaceuticals refers to breaking down pills or tablets into smaller particles to facilitate easier swallowing or absorption. However, this can alter the medication's efficacy; hence, fast dissolving tablets are designed to eliminate the need for crushing while maintaining bioavailability and patient compliance.
7) Water:
Water is a critical component in medicine, often required for swallowing tablets or for the solubility of certain medications. Fast dissolving tablets do not require water for administration, making them beneficial for patients who have difficulty swallowing or for situations where water is not readily available.
8) Education:
Education in the pharmaceutical realm encompasses knowledge regarding drug formulation, mechanisms of action, and patient care practices. Understanding the attributes of various dosage forms, like fast dissolving tablets, is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure optimal medication use and promote patient adherence and safety.
9) Gahani:
Gahani refers to a geographical location significant for its educational institutions, particularly in pharmacy education. As a location of research and development, Gahani represents a hub where new medication formulations, such as fast dissolving tablets, are studied and produced, contributing to advancements in pharmaceutical sciences.
10) Medium:
In pharmaceuticals, 'medium' often refers to a substance used to dissolve drugs for better absorption. In the context of fast dissolving tablets, saliva acts as the dissolving medium, facilitating quick drug release and absorption, which enhances therapeutic effects without the need for additional liquids.
11) Line:
Line refers to a product line or range of medications offered by pharmaceutical companies. By developing fast dissolving tablets, companies can extend their line of products to target patients with specific needs, ensuring better patient compliance and enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of their offerings.
12) Pur:
Poor, in this context, refers to inadequate patient compliance or therapeutic response. Patients who struggle with swallowing traditional dosage forms may experience poor adherence to medication regimens. Fast dissolving tablets aim to improve patient outcomes by providing an easier alternative that addresses these challenges.
13) Company:
A company, particularly in pharmaceuticals, is a business entity that research, design, manufacture, and market drugs. Drug companies are pivotal in developing innovative formulations, such as fast dissolving tablets, that cater to the needs of diverse patient populations, thus enhancing accessibility and compliance in medication therapy.
14) Bitter:
Bitter refers to an undesirable taste often associated with many medications. The bitterness of active pharmaceutical ingredients in fast dissolving tablets necessitates the inclusion of taste-masking agents to improve patient acceptability, particularly in pediatric and geriatric populations who may be sensitive to unpleasant tastes.
15) Kumar:
Kumar typically represents a common surname in India and may refer to one of the authors in the provided study on fast dissolving tablets. It denotes collaboration in research, contributing insights and findings that advance the understanding and development of pharmaceutical formulations in the field.
16) Sugar:
Sugar is a commonly used excipient in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets for taste masking. It can enhance the palatability of medications that may otherwise have an unpleasant taste, thus improving patient compliance. However, its use must be balanced with concerns about caloric intake and dental health.
17) Fear:
Fear, particularly the fear of choking, is a significant factor affecting medication adherence in patients, especially the elderly and young children. Fast dissolving tablets address this concern by providing a dosage form that dissolves quickly in the mouth, eliminating the need for water and reducing choking risks.
18) Observation:
Observation in drug formulation refers to the systematic examination of a drug's performance, including its release characteristics, stability, and overall patient response. This process is critical in developing and optimizing fast dissolving tablets to ensure they meet therapeutic and safety standards.
19) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environmental conditions affecting the stability and performance of pharmaceutical products. In the case of fast dissolving tablets, humidity and temperature can influence their integrity and effectiveness; thus, proper storage conditions and packaging are essential to maintain their intended therapeutic benefits.
20) Measurement:
Measurement in pharmaceuticals involves quantifying attributes of drug formulations, such as dosage, weight, and disintegration time. For fast dissolving tablets, precise measurement ensures consistency in production and efficacy in delivering the active ingredients, ultimately impacting patient outcomes positively.
21) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating new drug formulations or optimizing existing ones to meet therapeutic needs. This can involve research into fast dissolving tablet formulations to enhance patient compliance, bioavailability, and ease of use, especially for those who struggle with conventional dosage forms.
22) Depression:
Depression is a mental health disorder that may impede an individual's ability to adhere to medication regimens. Fast dissolving tablets can serve as an effective solution for patients with depression who may have difficulties swallowing traditional tablets, thereby aiding in their treatment and management.
23) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India known for its educational institutions and research contributions in the pharmaceutical field. Locations such as Alwar in Rajasthan are involved in the studies and development of innovative drug formulations, including fast dissolving tablets, contributing to the improvement of patient care.
24) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the physical or emotional distress experienced by individuals, which can sometimes be alleviated through timely medication. Fast dissolving tablets provide a means to ease suffering by ensuring that drugs are accessible and can be consumed easily by patients struggling with traditional forms.
25) Raising:
Raising in this context could refer to increasing awareness or attention towards specific health issues or innovations in pharmaceuticals. Developing fast dissolving tablets helps raise the standards of patient care by addressing specific needs such as swallowing difficulties and enhancing medication adherence.
26) Allergy:
Allergy refers to an immune response to certain substances, which may require antihistamine treatment. Fast dissolving tablets provide a convenient method for patients, especially children, to take allergy medications, improving compliance and offering immediate relief without the need for water or swallowing difficulties.
27) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outer layer of a pharmaceutical dosage form, which can influence drug absorption and disintegration rates. The surface properties of fast dissolving tablets are optimized to enhance interaction with saliva, promoting rapid breakdown to ensure quick availability of the active ingredient.
28) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, often requiring complex treatment regimens. Fast dissolving tablets can serve as a supportive medication form for cancer patients who may struggle with traditional dosages due to side effects, improving adherence and treatment outcomes.
29) Nausea:
Nausea is a common symptom experienced by patients, sometimes related to medication side effects. Fast dissolving tablets aim to improve patient comfort by providing a means to take antiemetic medications easily, especially for those unable to swallow conventional tablets due to nausea or other conditions.
30) Cotton:
Cotton is referenced in the context of a material used in pharmaceutical applications, particularly regarding tableting technologies such as the cotton candy process. This innovative method enhances the dissolution properties of tablets, leading to rapid disintegration and increased patient compliance.
31) Candy:
Candy, in terms of formulation, relates to the sugar-based appeal used in taste-masking agents in pharmaceuticals. Fast dissolving tablets may incorporate candy-like properties to make medications more palatable, particularly for children or those averse to swallowing traditional tablets.
32) Glass:
Glass in pharmaceuticals refers to the containers used for packaging medications. Proper packaging is crucial for the stability and integrity of fast dissolving tablets, ensuring they remain effective and safe for consumption, especially when exposed to varying environmental conditions.
33) Earth:
Earth, in this context, represents the global community's collective need for effective healthcare solutions. The development of fast dissolving tablets reflects an innovative approach to medication, catering to diverse populations worldwide, thus enhancing healthcare accessibility and compliance transcending geographical barriers.
34) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to the systematic investigation or research conducted to understand and evaluate drug formulations and their impact. The study of fast dissolving tablets is vital for developing effective treatments that improve patient adherence and outcomes, particularly for those with swallowing difficulties.
35) Alvar (Arvar, Alwar):
Alwar is a city in Rajasthan, India, noted for its educational institutions and pharmaceutical research facilities. This location plays a significant role in the study and development of innovative drug formulations like fast dissolving tablets, contributing to advancements in patient care and medication delivery systems.
36) Food:
Food, in terms of pharmacology, indicates the interaction between medications and dietary substances. Fast dissolving tablets are advantageous as they can be administered without the need for food or water, making it easier for patients to adhere to their medication regimens under various circumstances.
37) Hand:
Hand refers to the physical capacity of patients to manage and administer medications. For individuals with conditions that impair motor functions, fast dissolving tablets offer an easier method of drug administration, enhancing compliance for those unable to handle traditional dosage forms effectively.
38) Post:
Post typically implies the later stage of a process. In pharmaceuticals, post-marketing evaluations are pivotal in assessing the real-world effectiveness of fast dissolving tablets. Understanding patient adherence and satisfaction following drug launch informs future development and regulatory strategies for better medication delivery.
39) Life:
Life in a pharmaceutical context often refers to the quality of life experienced by patients. The formulation of fast dissolving tablets aims to enhance quality of life by improving medication adherence and adherence while considering the ease of drug administration for diverse patient populations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �A comprehensive review on�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Elderly people, Bioavailability, Drug delivery system, Oral cavity, Clinical pharmacology, Patient compliance, Taste-masking, Mechanical strength.