Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of tamarind bark extract.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol bark extract from tamarindus indica linn
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Gidhamari Srinivas and Dr. Raja Kumar R.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol bark extract from tamarindus indica linn
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20181-10439
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Gidhamari et al. (2018) explores the biochemical significance of the ethanol bark extract from Tamarindus indica L, commonly known as tamarind. Recognized for its diverse nutritional and medicinal value, tamarind is an evergreen tree prevalent in tropical regions, particularly in India. The research aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of its bark extract, employing various assays to evaluate its efficacy and potential applications in biomedicine.
Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind Bark Extract
The antioxidant capabilities of the ethanol bark extract were assessed through several assays, including hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, DPPH photometric assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, and superoxide radical scavenging assay. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, particularly in the nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, where it reached an impressive value of 87.90% at the highest concentration tested (1000 µg/ml). The other assays also showed a correlation between concentration and antioxidant activity, indicating that higher concentrations of the extract improved its capacity to inhibit oxidative processes and combat free radicals.
Antimicrobial Properties of Tamarind Bark Extract
In addition to its antioxidant properties, the ethanol bark extract displayed notable antimicrobial effects against three human pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella paratyphi. The extracted material produced the largest zone of inhibition against S. pneumoniae (13 mm) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 98 µg/ml. However, there were no observed antimicrobial effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio cholerae. These findings highlight the extract’s potential as a source of natural antimicrobial agents, which may serve as alternatives to traditional antibiotics.
Methodology for Extract Preparation and Evaluation
The procedure for preparing the bark extract involved collecting, drying, and grinding the bark of Tamarindus indica, followed by extraction with 99.9% ethanol. The resultant extract was then subject to various antioxidant and antimicrobial tests, using control substances to benchmark its efficacy. This systematic approach offers insights into the extract's viability as a therapeutic option, emphasizing the importance of rigorous methodology in validating biological activities present in natural products.
Conclusion
The findings from this study suggest that the ethanol bark extract from Tamarindus indica possesses significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, warranting further exploration into its applications in the medical field. The dual-functional nature of the extract not only highlights its potential therapeutic value but also encourages the utilization of traditional medicinal resources in developing modern healthcare solutions. As antibiotic resistance grows, such natural extracts may become increasingly relevant in the development of new intervention strategies against microbial infections.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Tamarindus indica bark extract?
The study examines the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the ethanol bark extract from Tamarindus indica, highlighting its biomedical significance and potential therapeutic applications.
What methods were used to assess antioxidant activities?
Antioxidant activities were evaluated using various assays, including hydrogen peroxide scavenging, DPPH photometric assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and superoxide radical scavenging.
What pathogens were tested for antimicrobial activity?
The extract was tested against three human pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella paratyphi, showing significant antimicrobial activity against them.
What were the findings regarding antioxidant activity?
The ethanol bark extract showed significant antioxidant activities, with values up to 87.9% in nitric oxide scavenging and 78.89% in DPPH photometric assays at optimal concentrations.
How does Tamarindus indica extract contribute to traditional medicine?
Tamarindus indica has been used in traditional medicine for its nutritional and medicinal value, with its extracts reported to have various health benefits including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.
What is the significance of the study's results?
The results indicate that Tamarindus indica bark extract has promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential use in biomedical applications and therapeutic products.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of tamarind bark extract.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' refers to the effectiveness or performance of the ethanol bark extract in performing specific functions, which in this context relates to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These activities signify the potential therapeutic benefits that the extract may offer in preventing or managing diseases caused by oxidative stress and microbial infections.
2) Study (Studying):
The 'Study' refers to the systematic investigation undertaken to assess the properties of the ethanol bark extract from Tamarindus indica. This research aims to explore its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, contributing to the scientific understanding of its biological significance and potential applications in biomedicine and pharmacology.
3) Tamarindus indica:
Tamarindus indica is the scientific name for the tamarind tree, known for its diverse uses in food, medicine, and culture. This plant, significant for its nutritional and medicinal value, was the focus of the research, highlighting its potential in yielding beneficial compounds for health applications.
4) Water:
Water is often used as a solvent in many scientific studies, including this one, where distilled water serves as a control in antioxidant assays. Its role is crucial in facilitating reactions and maintaining conditions for bioactivity evaluations, emphasizing its importance in experimental procedures.
5) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for treating diseases and maintaining health. The research highlights Tamarindus indica as a potential source of natural medicines, suggesting its extract's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties could support the formulation of new therapeutic options based on traditional knowledge.
6) India:
India is the geographical context for this study, where Tamarindus indica is commonly found and culturally significant. The richness of biodiversity and traditional knowledge in India allows for the exploration of numerous medicinal plants, contributing to the global understanding of natural remedies and bioactive compounds.
7) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is a city in Tamil Nadu, India, known for its agricultural richness and diversity in flora. The collection of the Tamarindus indica bark for this study originated from this region, indicating the local significance of the plant and its utilization in traditional medicine.
8) Tamarind:
Tamarind refers to the fruit of Tamarindus indica, widely used in culinary practices and traditional medicine. It embodies a unique combination of sweet and sour flavors, with potential health benefits that have prompted scientific investigation into its bioactive components, particularly in the context of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
9) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India, serves as the geographical and cultural context for the study. Its diverse flora, including Tamarindus indica, emphasizes the interplay between local traditional practices and modern scientific exploration of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes.
10) Field:
The term 'Field' in this context refers to the specialized area of research, specifically biomedicine and pharmacology, where the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of natural extracts are studied. This highlights the relevance of the research findings in contributing to knowledge and practices within this scientific discipline.
11) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language spoken by the Tamil people in Tamil Nadu and surrounding regions, reflecting the cultural and linguistic backdrop of the study's location. The cultural context may influence traditional practices related to the use of medicinal plants, including Tamarindus indica.
12) Nadu:
Nadu, meaning 'land' in Tamil, is part of the name Tamil Nadu, which translates to 'Land of the Tamils.' This reflects the identity and cultural heritage of the Tamil people, connecting the geographical context with the traditional use of medicinal plants in local practices.
13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of how drugs and bioactive compounds interact with biological systems. In this research, understanding the pharmacological properties of the ethanol extract from Tamarindus indica establishes its potential therapeutic applications, especially regarding its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
14) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to substances that combat bacterial infections. The study's findings on the antibacterial activity of the Tamarindus indica bark extract suggest its potential role as a natural antibiotic, paving the way for the development of alternative treatments to combat emerging resistant bacterial strains.
15) Food:
The term 'Food' highlights the dietary applications of Tamarindus indica, wherein its fruit is commonly used in culinary practices. This aspect underscores the dual role of tamarind as both a source of nutrition and a focus of pharmacological research for its health benefits.
16) Post:
Post in this context likely refers to the post-research implications and discussions following the investigation. It may involve sharing the study's outcomes, implications for future research, and the impact on natural product chemistry and traditional medicine practices.
17) Pharmacotherapy:
Pharmacotherapy encompasses the use of pharmaceutical agents to treat diseases. The study suggests that the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the Tamarindus indica bark extract may provide a basis for pharmacotherapy approaches, particularly in treating conditions influenced by oxidative stress or infection.
18) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrient intake, which can adversely affect health. The research on Tamarindus indica may address malnutrition issues, given its nutritional value; the plant represents an accessible protein source in regions where dietary deficiencies are prevalent.
19) Observation:
Observation entails the systematic assessment and recording of data during research. In this study, observations of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Tamarindus indica extract contribute to scientific knowledge and the validation of traditional medicinal uses, guiding future research directions.
20) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the critical analysis and interpretation of research findings. In this study, it involves contextualizing the observed antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the Tamarindus indica extract within existing literature and exploring its implications for future applications in medicine and health.
21) Family:
Family in biological classification refers to a group of related species. Tamarindus indica belongs to the family Fabaceae, indicating its classification within the plant kingdom, which provides context for understanding the characteristics and physiological properties associated with this plant and its relatives.
22) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India. In this study, it refers to Dr. Raja Kumar R., one of the authors, indicating his contribution to the research and expertise in the field of biotechnology, enhancing the credibility and academic background of the findings presented.
23) Cutan:
Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa and is mentioned in the study as part of the native range of Tamarindus indica. Its biodiversity and climatic conditions play a role in the distribution of this plant, which highlights its ecological and geographical significance.
24) Genu:
Genu refers to a genus in biological taxonomy, similar to 'Genus.' It is used to categorize related species sharing characteristics, underlining the systematic approach taken in classifying plants like Tamarindus indica, which aids in scientific research and understanding their uses.
25) Raja:
Raja, which translates to 'king' in several Indian languages, is a common name and part of Dr. Raja Kumar R.'s name, indicating his cultural background. His involvement in the study signifies the collaboration of researchers in unlocking the potential benefits of traditional medicinal plants.
26) Mani:
Mani is likely a reference to one of the authors, contributing to the research study. This highlights the collaborative effort in conducting the study, showcasing expertise in the fields of plant biotechnology and pharmacology relevant to the findings presented.
27) Tree:
Tree refers to the perennial plant structure from which the bark extract was obtained. Tamarindus indica is an evergreen tree, signifying its ecological role and highlighting its physical attributes that contribute to its medicinal properties, as investigated in the research.
28) Shiras (Siras, Siro, Shirash):
Siro, possibly referring to a SIRO institution, indicates an organization involved in research collaboration. This context shows the involvement of research institutions in validating the therapeutic claims of traditional medicinal plants like Tamarindus indica through scientific studies.
29) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the high content of beneficial compounds within the Tamarindus indica bark extract. The study emphasizes the extract's rich antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which substantiate its potential applications in pharmaceuticals and healthcare, reflecting the value of natural sources.
30) Line:
Line may refer to the notion of a line of inquiry or argument within the study's framework. It underscores the evidence and connections drawn from traditional uses of plant extracts, indicating the direction and implications of the research findings.
31) Sour:
Sour refers to one of the flavor profiles of Tamarindus indica fruit, contributing to its unique culinary applications and medicinal properties. This aspect indicates the blend of sensory and health benefits, emphasizing the significance of the fruit in both diet and traditional medicine.
32) Oil:
Oils might refer to the bioactive compounds derived from Tamarindus indica, which can be extracted for various therapeutic uses. This highlights the potential for developing oil-based formulations from the plant, showcasing its versatility in both culinary and medicinal applications.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of tamarind bark extract.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Pharmacotherapy, Tamarindus indica, Traditional medicine, Antimicrobial activities, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Ethanol extraction, Antioxidant activities, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, Bark extract, Biomedical application, DPPH photometric assay.