Histological study on kidney affected by carbamazepine drug in postnatal rat
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Histological study on kidney affected by carbamazepine drug in postnatal rat
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Safa J. Al- Yassiri, Nahla Al-Bakri, Ula Al-Kawaz and Mohammad Oda Selman
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Histological study on kidney affected by carbamazepine drug in postnatal rat
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201611-7094
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study explores the effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine on kidney development in newborn Albino rats. Given the prevalence of antiepileptic drugs among pregnant women, it is crucial to understand the potential impact these medications may have on fetal organ development, particularly when considering their teratogenic properties. This research investigates specific histological changes in the kidneys of rats treated with carbamazepine from the first day of pregnancy to the seventh day after birth.
Histopathological Changes Induced by Carbamazepine
The kidney specimens examined under a light microscope revealed significant histopathological alterations in the treated group compared to the control group. Notably, the treated group exhibited glomerular atrophy, characterized by enlarged Bowman’s space, degeneration of the Bowman’s capsule, and congested glomeruli. Additionally, there was marked swelling of tubular epithelial cells, accompanied by cell loss and detachment from the basement membrane. These findings suggest that carbamazepine induces serious degenerative changes within the renal architecture, thereby potentially compromising renal function.
Podocyte Cell Alterations
Scanning electron microscopy further illustrated the detrimental effects of carbamazepine on specific kidney cells, notably podocytes. In the control group, podocytes displayed a normal structure with intact foot processes. In contrast, the treated group revealed hypertrophy of podocyte cells, along with significant dilation of Bowman’s space. The measurements indicated a statistically significant increase in podocyte diameter in the treated group, which suggests that carbamazepine impacts podocyte cell integrity and function, potentially leading to altered filtration dynamics in the kidneys.
Morphometric Analysis of Renal Structures
Quantitative analysis of kidney structures showed significant differences between the control and treated groups in terms of the mean diameters of renal corpuscles, glomerular tufts, Bowman’s space, and convoluted tubules. Specifically, while the diameters of the renal corpuscle and glomerular tuft were reduced in the treated group, Bowman’s space showed a marked increase. These morphometric changes highlight the adverse effects of carbamazepine on renal growth and development, underscoring the potential for long-term consequences on kidney function due to drug exposure during critical developmental periods.
Conclusion
The findings from this study clearly indicate that exposure to carbamazepine during pregnancy adversely affects the histological and morphometric development of kidneys in newborn rats. The significant alterations observed in kidney structure, including podocyte hypertrophy, glomerular atrophy, and tubular degeneration, present a compelling case for further research into the implications of antiepileptic drug use in pregnant women. These results emphasize the need for careful consideration of medication use during pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects on fetal organ development, particularly concerning the kidneys.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on carbamazepine?
The study aimed to investigate the effects of carbamazepine on kidney development in Albino rats on the seventh day postnatally, focusing on potential teratogenic effects.
How were the experimental and control groups organized?
Twenty healthy pregnant female rats were divided into two groups: one control group receiving distilled water and one experimental group receiving carbamazepine at a dosage of 20mg/kg/rat daily.
What significant kidney changes were observed under light microscopy?
The treated group exhibited glomerular atrophy, enlarged Bowman’s space, degeneration of epithelial cells, hemorrhage, and tubular degeneration compared to the control group.
What were the results from scanning electron microscopy?
Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant structural changes in treated rats, including hypertrophy of podocyte cells and expansion of Bowman's space compared to the control group.
Did the weight of kidneys and newborns differ significantly?
No significant differences were observed between the weights of kidneys and newborns in the treated and control groups despite notable histological changes.
What were the conclusions regarding carbamazepine's effects?
The study concluded that carbamazepine administration caused teratogenic effects on the developing kidneys of rats, highlighting potential risks associated with its prenatal use.
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Adverse effect, Statistical analysis, Control group, Experimental design, Significant difference, Experimental group, Scanning electron microscope, Cell degeneration, Histopathological change, Antiepileptic drug.