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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎yurvedic treatment for refractory Cutaneous Lichen Planus: Case report鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
A table is a structured way of presenting data in rows and columns for easy readability and comparison. In the context of this study, tables likely summarize treatment timelines, patient symptoms, and the outcomes of various interventions, allowing quick reference for practitioners and researchers reviewing treatment efficacy.

2) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Sodhana refers to detoxification procedures in Ayurveda aimed at purifying the body of 'Ama' (toxins). This process is crucial for restoring balance, preparing the body for subsequent treatments, and improving overall health.

3) Sthana:
Sthana translates to the 'site of manifestation.' In this study, it highlights the significance of understanding the specific body part affected by a disease. Identifying Sthana helps Ayurvedic practitioners effectively diagnose and treat conditions based on localized symptoms and underlying imbalances.

4) Water:
Water is essential in Ayurvedic treatments, often used for herbal decoctions, cleansing therapies, and maintaining hydration. It aids in digestion ('Agni'), helps in the elimination of toxins, and can enhance the absorption of medicinal substances, playing a pivotal role in holistic health.

5) Disease:
In the context of this report, disease refers specifically to Cutaneous Lichen Planus, an autoimmune skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed lesions. Understanding the disease鈥檚 nature, causes, and patient response to different treatments is crucial for effective management and recovery.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine from India that emphasizes balance in bodily systems through diet, herbal treatment, yoga, and lifestyle adjustments. This study highlights the use of Ayurvedic interventions for managing skin diseases, showcasing its relevance in contemporary alternative medicine.

7) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India known for its rich cultural history and significance in Ayurvedic practice. It represents the geographical and cultural context for many Ayurvedic texts and practices. The mention of Varanasi can indicate the traditional roots of the treatment methodologies explored.

8) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom associated with many chronic skin conditions, including Cutaneous Lichen Planus. Measurement and management of pain are critical in assessing the effectiveness of treatment. This study emphasizes the patient's pain experience as an important aspect of their health quality.

9) Itching:
Itching is a hallmark symptom of various dermatological conditions, including Lichen Planus. It can drastically affect a patient's quality of life and is often a primary concern addressed in both biomedical and Ayurvedic treatment approaches described in this case study.

10) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses both Ayurvedic and biomedical treatments used to manage Cutaneous Lichen Planus. The selection and effectiveness of various medicines are vital in assessing patient outcomes, showcasing the differences in approaches between traditional and contemporary treatment paradigms.

11) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three energies (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in Ayurveda that govern physiological processes in the body. Understanding the dominant Dosha in a patient helps in diagnosis and treatment planning, marking the foundation of Ayurvedic medicine's personalized approach.

12) Drakshadi (Draksadi):
Drakshadi refers to specific Ayurvedic formulations often used for their beneficial properties in balancing Doshas and treating skin conditions. Understanding such formulations aids practitioners in selecting appropriate treatments based on a patient's unique presentation and condition.

13) Lekhna:
Lekhna denotes a therapeutic process in Ayurveda that involves scraping or cleansing, which is aimed at removing toxins and excess doshas from specific sites in the body. It is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan for skin disorders.

14) Cleansing:
Cleansing practices in Ayurveda are critical for detoxifying the body. This term encompasses various techniques used to purge accumulated toxins ('Ama'), thereby improving overall health and facilitating better treatment outcomes, especially for chronic skin conditions.

15) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenation therapies in Ayurveda. These treatments aim to enhance immunity and vitality. In the context of skin disease management, Rasayana therapies are essential for restoring tissue integrity and promoting overall well-being post-treatment.

16) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana therapies in Ayurveda are aimed at pacifying or soothing the body's aggravated Doshas. They are crucial in managing symptoms like pain and itching, particularly when intense discomfort exists, and provide support to the overall treatment regimen.

17) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning sensations often accompany inflammatory conditions such as Lichen Planus. Recognizing the burning aspect of symptoms is essential in both diagnosis and tailoring appropriate Ayurvedic treatments that target inflammation and discomfort.

18) Burning sensation:
This term specifies a common symptom experienced by patients with skin conditions such as Cutaneous Lichen Planus. Understanding this sensation is pivotal for determining the severity of the condition and for the formulation of effective treatment protocols.

19) Shrikantha (Srikantha, Shri-kantha, Shrikamtha):
Srikantha refers to a compiler of classical Ayurvedic texts, notably the Ashtanga Hridayam. His works are foundational in Ayurvedic medicine, providing important principles that guide current practices, including diagnostic and therapeutic methods relevant to the case studies discussed.

20) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is another revered figure in Ayurvedic literature. His texts, including the Ashtanga Hridayam, contribute significantly to the understanding of treatments and diagnostics in Ayurveda, including those applicable for skin conditions like Lichen Planus.

21) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to one of the classical texts in Ayurveda attributed to Vagbhata. This comprehensive compilation covers various aspects of Ayurvedic practice, including diagnosis and treatment protocols that inform the methodologies applied in this specific case study.

22) Samhita:
Samhita translates to a compilation of texts. In Ayurveda, it refers to key texts that outline the principles and practices of traditional medicine, providing a foundation for diagnosing and treating various health conditions.

23) Nidana:
Nidana pertains to the cause and pathogenesis of diseases in Ayurveda. Understanding Nidana allows practitioners to identify the underlying factors contributing to a condition, influencing the treatment protocol as described in the presented case studies.

24) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is often associated with authors or scholars in Ayurvedic literature. Here, it signifies the scholarly tradition in Ayurveda that perpetuates knowledge and practice methods, relevant to diagnosing and treating conditions like Cutaneous Lichen Planus.

25) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda that relates to metabolism and heat. Identifying whether Pitta is aggravated in a patient helps guide treatment strategies aimed at restoring balance within the body, particularly in inflammatory conditions.

26) Eladi (Ela-adi):
Eladi refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation, often used for its benefits on skin health. These formulations are crucial in treatment strategies to help address symptoms and restore skin integrity in conditions like Lichen Planus.

27) Diet:
Diet plays a pivotal role in Ayurvedic treatments, as it is believed that proper nutrition can significantly impact health and the balance of Doshas. Dietary recommendations help patients avoid aggravating factors and support the healing process.

28) Visarpa:
Visarpa refers to a type of skin condition in Ayurveda characterized by spreading eruptions. Understanding the attributes of Visarpa allows Ayurvedic practitioners to recognize similar symptoms in patients and apply appropriate treatments.

29) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas related to structure and lubrication. An understanding of the Kapha's role helps practitioners in classifying disease presentations and strategizing treatments, especially when it predominates within conditions like Cutaneous Lichen Planus.

30) Trivrit (Tri-vrit, Trivrt):
Trvrt refers to a specific herbal preparation or treatment methodology in Ayurveda. Identifying its use in treatment protocols indicates an emphasis on traditional knowledge and practices aimed at restoring balance for skin conditions.

31) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mrdu signifies gentle or mild in Ayurvedic practice. This term is often used to describe treatments or cleansing processes that are designed to be less invasive or harsh on the body, particularly for sensitive conditions.

32) Study (Studying):
The term study references the systematic analysis and documentation of patient cases and treatments. This study exemplifies how traditional practices can be evaluated scientifically to assess effectiveness and patient outcomes, representing a bridge between ancient wisdom and modern healthcare.

33) Patolamuladi:
Patolamuladi is another Ayurvedic formulation or treatment strategy. Its mention highlights the reliance on specific compounds that are traditionally used to address skin ailments and related symptoms, ensuring context-specific applications.

34) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-pitta denotes a dual dominance of the two Doshas, signifying the complexities involved in diagnosing and treating conditions where both the characters of Kapha (heavy, moist) and Pitta (hot, acidic) need to be balanced.

35) Manibhadra:
Manibhadra is a specific Ayurvedic formulation potentially referenced for its relevance in addressing skin diseases. Such formulations are vital for determining targeted therapeutic outcomes in treating conditions like Lichen Planus.

36) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja refers to conditions that involve all three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). This classification complicates the disease's manifestation and treatment, stressing the need for a comprehensive, individualized approach in Ayurvedic practice.

37) Prakarana:
Prakarana refers to the methodology or principles outlined in Ayurvedic texts regarding treatments and practices. It underscores the systematic nature of Ayurvedic therapy and its adherence to traditional guidelines set forth by ancient scholars.

38) Sutra:
Sutra translates to a thread or aphorism, typically used in Ayurvedic texts to convey essential principles succinctly. The application of Sutras aids practitioners in adhering to foundational concepts while diagnosing and treating health conditions.

39) Annal:
Annal refers to timeless Ayurvedic literature that serves as a foundation for understanding treatment modalities and practices, maintaining the integrity and knowledge that guide contemporary practitioners in addressing various health concerns.

40) Nidanasthana (Nidana-sthana):
Nidana-sthana pertains to the section of texts that discuss the causes and assessments of diseases. This knowledge underpins Ayurvedic diagnostics and informs treatment strategies based on recognized etiological factors.

41) Hriberadi:
Hriberadi references a specific Ayurvedic formulation or remedy used for improving skin health or balancing Doshas. Such formulations are critical for constructing targeted treatment approaches in managing chronic skin conditions.

42) Mulakadi (Mulaka-adi):
Mulakadi is likely a specific Ayurvedic formulation highlighted for its therapeutic potential. Recognizing such formulations informs treatment decisions and reinforces the principles of personalized Ayurvedic care applicable in chronic conditions like Lichen Planus.

43) Udumbara:
Udumbara represents a specific type of Kushta or skin disease mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. Recognizing conditions similar to this ensures detailed diagnostic processes that aid responsible prescription of therapies appropriate to the disease.

44) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra refers to minor or lesser diseases in Ayurveda. It helps in categorizing the severity and treatment approaches for skin conditions and underscores the differentiated perspectives in Ayurvedic medical practice.

45) Mandala (Mamdala):
Mandala refers to a formal classification of skin lesions within Ayurvedic texts, which play a vital role in diagnosis and treatment strategy formulation. Understanding such classifications fosters accurate therapeutic targeting.

46) Durvadi:
Durvadi is typically a medicinal oil or formulation used for its soothing properties. It is particularly relevant in treating skin ailments, aiding in symptom relief and restoration of skin integrity.

47) Nimbadi:
Nimbadi is associated with Ayurvedic herbal formulations that often have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Understanding its use can guide practitioners in addressing specific dermatological symptoms effectively.

48) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja refers to conditions or symptoms arising from an aggravation of Pitta Dosha. Acknowledging this aspect in diagnosis helps practitioners to strategically approach treatment based on the skin condition's characteristics.

49) Kaksha (Kaksa, Kaksheshu):
Kaksha refers to a specific dermatological condition in Ayurveda, which may exhibit symptoms similar to those of Lichen Planus. Understanding this allows practitioners to differentiate and accurately prescribe treatment approaches.

50) Carman (Carma):
Charma denotes skin conditions characterized by changes in texture. It's essential in categorizing and diagnosing skin diseases, guiding Ayurvedic practitioners toward suitable therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique presentation of each case.

51) Taila (Thaila):
Taila refers to oils used in various Ayurvedic treatments, emphasizing the significance of external applications in managing skin conditions. Their incorporation into treatment regimens enhances therapeutic effects and patient comfort.

52) Rules:
Rules or principles in Ayurveda are derived from classical texts, guiding practitioners to diagnose and treat conditions in a structured, systematic manner. They help ensure treatments align with Ayurvedic philosophy and ethical considerations.

53) Roga:
Roga refers to the concept of disease in Ayurveda. Distinguishing between different types of Rogas guides practitioners in accurately diagnosing and selecting appropriate treatment modalities, which is critical for patient management.

54) Food:
Food plays a crucial role in Ayurveda, being a foundational element influencing health and disease outcomes. Diet is considered a primary therapeutic agent, where specific foods are prescribed to balance Doshas and address symptoms.

55) Hair:
Hair loss or changes in hair quality are often symptomatic concerns in chronic skin conditions. This aspect requires careful consideration in Ayurvedic assessments, as it can indicate deeper imbalances within the body.

56) Kshudraroga (Kshudra-roga, Ksudraroga):
Kshudra-roga describes minor diseases in Ayurveda, which may still significantly affect quality of life. Recognizing these conditions emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Ayurvedic healthcare in addressing both minor and major health issues.

57) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
Sutra-sthana refers to the texts that outline fundamental principles and practices in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the importance of textual knowledge in informing treatment methods, enabling practitioners to draw upon ancient wisdom.

58) Vaishvanara (Vaisvanara):
Vaishvanara refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation or concept related to digestion. Proper digestion is a critical aspect of Ayurvedic philosophy, impacting overall health and treatment efficacy in chronic conditions.

59) Nalpamaradi:
Nalpamaradi denotes an Ayurvedic oil or concoction significant in treating skin ailments. Its mention underscores the emphasis on herbal remedies and traditional practices as vital components in managing skin diseases like Lichen Planus.

60) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is often used in Ayurvedic dietary recommendations for its digestive benefits. It serves as a healthful adjunct in various treatments, enhancing overall nutrient absorption and aiding digestive health.

61) Discussion:
Discussion is essential in scientific reports for contextualizing findings within existing literature and exploring implications. This section emphasizes insights from patient cases, learning points, and potential advancements in treatment strategies.

62) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta refers to a traditional Ayurvedic concept akin to gout, characterized by localized swelling and pain. Understanding related conditions highlights the interconnectedness of symptoms and emphasizes the need for careful diagnosis in Ayurvedic practice.

63) Abhinava:
Abhinava may refer to insights or modern interpretations of ancient Ayurvedic practices. This notion represents the ongoing evolution and application of classic Ayurvedic principles in contemporary health contexts.

64) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga signifies a therapeutic oil massage that promotes relaxation and improves circulation. It is commonly employed in Ayurvedic treatment protocols, emphasizing the holistic approach to patient well-being.

65) Pradhana:
Pradhana means primary or principal. In Ayurveda, understanding the primary factors contributing to health or disease helps practitioners develop focused treatment strategies that target the core issues affecting a patient's health.

66) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to an imbalance of Doshas that leads to disease manifestation in Ayurveda. Recognizing vitiation is essential for formulating effective treatment protocols aimed at restoring balance and promoting healing.

67) Writing:
Writing denotes documenting and sharing knowledge. In the context of Ayurveda, it includes the continuous effort to record findings and treatments, enriching the literature and guiding new practitioners in the science.

68) Pursued:
Pursued refers to the deliberate application of treatment strategies or methodologies over time. This term emphasizes the sustained effort necessary in managing chronic conditions within both Ayurveda and conventional medicine.

69) Surface:
Surface relates to the outer skin layer where conditions manifest. Understanding surface symptoms is vital in diagnosis and treatment planning in Ayurveda, aiding in defining intervention approaches that are externally applied.

70) Phanta (Phamta):
Phanta refers to a concoction made from herbs used for various health benefits, including digestive support. It is integral in treatment strategies, particularly in addressing digestive health within Ayurvedic practices.

71) Kalpa:
Kalpa denotes the formulations or preparations of herbal remedies in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the tradition of compounding medicines to create treatments tailored to individual patient needs and conditions.

72) Panda (Pamda):
Panda may refer to practitioners or scholars in the field of Ayurveda. Their contributions to the understanding of Ayurvedic principles are vital for maintaining the depth and richness of this traditional healthcare system.

73) Priya:
In this context, Priya could represent an aspect of affection or emphasis, reminding practitioners to prioritize compassionate care in their treatment approaches, reflecting the holistic values of Ayurveda.

74) Ratha:
Ratha may refer to a traditional Ayurvedic study or practice emphasizing continuity and the comprehensive nature of treatment. It reinforces the longstanding traditions in Ayurvedic healing guidelines and practices.

75) Maha (Maha掳):
Maha stands for 'great' or 'significant,' often used to describe potent or effective formulations in Ayurveda. This term honors the traditional knowledge emphasizing the importance of powerful remedies in healing.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 128]