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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎nti-inflammatory effects of Derris scandens on UVB-exposed HaCaT鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
A table is a structured arrangement of data in rows and columns, often used in research papers to summarize and present findings clearly. In scientific literature, tables help convey complex information concisely, making it easier for readers to understand data outcomes, methodologies, and comparisons without the need for extensive textual descriptions.

2) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury, infection, or irritation characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. In the context of this study, inflammation plays a central role in skin diseases and is a critical factor in assessing the efficacy of treatments like Derris scandens extract on keratinocytes.

3) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division. The study鈥檚 relevance lies in assessing how NB-UVB treatment and natural extracts can impact cellular mechanisms linked to carcinogenesis, thus contributing to preventive strategies against skin cancer in patients undergoing phototherapy.

4) Activity:
Activity in a biological context often refers to the performance or effect of a substance, such as a drug or extract, on living organisms. The study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity of Derris scandens extract, implying its potential to modulate biological processes important for skin health and disease management.

5) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation designed to yield reliable information and insights. In the provided text, the study focuses on evaluating the effects of Derris scandens on keratinocyte inflammation induced by NB-UVB, contributing to the body of knowledge on natural therapies for skin conditions.

6) Tai:
Thai refers to Thailand or its culture, including traditional medicine practices. The study highlights the use of Derris scandens, a plant integral to Thai herbal medicine, underscoring the relevance of ethnobotany in exploring alternative treatments for common ailments, such as inflammation and pain relief.

7) Line:
In biochemical research, a 'line' often refers to a lineage of cells used for experimental purposes, such as HaCaT cells in this study. These immortalized keratinocyte cell lines are crucial for testing the therapeutic potentials of extracts or drugs in a controlled environment that simulates in vivo conditions.

8) Post:
Post refers to actions taken after a specific event. In the context of this study, post-treatment with Derris scandens extract reflects an assessment of recovery in cells exposed to NB-UVB irradiation, aiming to gauge its efficacy in mitigating damage and restoring normal cellular function.

9) Disease:
Disease denotes a pathological condition of a living organism. The study addresses skin diseases exacerbated by phototherapy, examining the potential of natural extracts as therapeutic agents. Understanding disease mechanisms is critical for developing effective treatments and minimizing adverse effects associated with traditional therapies.

10) Medium:
In cell biology, a medium is a nutrient solution used to grow cells in vitro. The choice of medium is pivotal for supporting cell viability and proliferation, directly influencing experimental outcomes in studies like the one investigating the effects of Derris scandens extract on keratinocytes.

11) Writing:
Writing in a scientific context refers to the communication of research findings through publications. Well-structured writing is essential for conveying complex data and analyses clearly, allowing the scientific community to evaluate, replicate, and build upon the presented work, as demonstrated in this study.

12) Pain:
Pain is a distressing sensory experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The study explores alternative treatments for pain, specifically the use of Derris scandens extract, reflecting the need for more effective non-pharmacological interventions in managing chronic pain conditions like osteoarthritis.

13) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison between values or effects in relation to each other. In research, understanding relative differences allows for the evaluation of a treatment鈥檚 efficacy compared to existing therapies, such as analyzing the relative benefits of Derris scandens extract versus traditional anti-inflammatory medications.

14) Ter:
Ther typically refers to the terms involving treatment or therapy. In the study鈥檚 context, exploring therapeutic options like Derris scandens establishes a foundation for identifying effective, natural alternatives that can complement or replace existing pharmacological treatments for skin-related issues.

15) Dish (Dis):
In a laboratory context, a dish usually refers to Petri dishes used for culturing cells or microorganisms. The use of dishes for HaCaT cells in the study enables researchers to analyze how various treatments affect cell growth and viability under controlled conditions.

16) Irritation:
Irritation is a localized inflammatory response characterized by redness, swelling, and pain, often resulting from skin exposure to irritants. This study investigates the potential of herbal extracts to alleviate irritation caused by treatments like NB-UVB, aiming to find gentler alternatives for sensitive skin.

17) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. This study's focus on herbal medicine, specifically Thai traditional medicine elements such as Derris scandens, highlights the importance of integrating alternative therapies within modern medical practices for comprehensive healthcare.

18) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or grade of a substance or product. In the context of this study, assessing the quality of Derris scandens extract involves analyzing its active constituents and therapeutic properties, ensuring it meets the necessary criteria for efficacy and safety in clinical applications.

19) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. This study focuses on Derris scandens, a specific species used in traditional medicine, emphasizing the importance of understanding the biological properties and therapeutic potential of various plant species.

20) Powder:
Powder refers to a fine, dry substance created by grinding solid materials. In this study, the powdered extract of Derris scandens suggests a method for preparing herbal remedies, highlighting the importance of proper preparation techniques to retain therapeutic properties for potential skin treatments.

21) Death:
Death in a biological context typically refers to the cessation of life processes in an organism. This study evaluates the impact of treatments on cell viability and apoptosis in HaCaT cells, drawing connections between phototherapy, skin cell death, and potential protective effects of herbal extracts.

22) Lamp:
A lamp in the context of this study refers to the specific device used to emit narrowband ultraviolet light for phototherapy. The choice and specifications of the lamp are crucial for ensuring effective dosage for skin treatments while minimizing side effects such as inflammation and erythema.

23) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases. In this study, the role of natural extracts highlights the need for exploring non-pharmaceutical alternatives and enhancing existing drug therapies to offer patients comprehensive treatment options for inflammatory skin conditions.

24) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transforming often refers to the process of change, particularly in biological systems. In the context of this study, it may relate to the mechanisms through which treatments aim to alter or transform disease progression, specifically focusing on skin cell behavior in response to therapies.

25) Alleviation:
Alleviation refers to the reduction or mitigation of pain, discomfort, or severity of a condition. The study explores various herbal extracts' efficacy in providing symptom alleviation for patients suffering from inflammation due to skin diseases, emphasizing the importance of alternative therapeutic strategies.

26) Anti-aging:
Anti-aging refers to products or practices aimed at reducing or reversing signs of aging, particularly for the skin. This study investigates the potential benefits of Derris scandens extract not only for inflammation but also for its role in preventing collagen degradation, thus contributing to skin aging.

27) Toxicology:
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of substances on living organisms. Understanding toxicology is critical in assessing the safety profile of natural extracts like Derris scandens to ensure their therapeutic applications do not induce harmful effects, particularly when used in skin treatments.

28) Substance:
A substance refers to any material with definite chemical composition. The relevance of substance in this study highlights the distinction between different compounds, such as extracts from Derris scandens versus synthetic drugs, addressing their therapeutic effects and how they interact with biological systems.

29) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Understanding the role of flavonoids in extracts like Derris scandens is essential for elucidating their potential health benefits and mechanisms of action against skin inflammation and damage.

30) Toxicity:
Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. Evaluating the toxicity of extracts used in this study is essential to confirm their safety for applications in dermatology, particularly when considering treatments aimed at managing skin diseases effectively.

31) Science (Scientific):
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. The study of Derris scandens extract relies on scientific principles to investigate its properties and effects, aiming to advance understanding in medical applications.

32) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, flavorless food ingredient derived from collagen, often used in drug formulations and as a thickening agent. Its relevance in the context of the study may be linked to experimental methodologies involving cell cultures and assays that use gelatin-based mediums.

33) Repair:
Repair refers to the process of restoring tissue integrity or function following injury or damage. In this study, investigating whether Derris scandens extract can enhance repair mechanisms in skin cells after UV exposure is crucial for understanding its therapeutic potential in skin health.

34) Barley:
Barley is a cereal grain known for its nutritional and health-promoting properties. While not the primary focus of this study, its mention may highlight ongoing research related to the bioactive compounds found in grains that could complement or enhance skin treatment protocols.

35) Fabric:
Fabric refers to a material made from weaving or knitting fibers, often used in clothing and other applications. The mention of fabric in a toxicological context may involve studies assessing potential skin reactions from various materials, linking back to the importance of dermatological safety.

36) Rules:
Rules refer to guidelines or principles governing procedures and behavior. In a research context, understanding the rules of experimental design and analysis ensures that findings are credible and reproducible, as seen in this study's rigor in assessing the effects of extract treatments.

37) Alam (Ala峁�):
Alam may refer to a researcher or the context surrounding research findings. If referring to an author, it represents contributions made in the study's advancements, illustrating the collaborative efforts necessary in scientific research to uncover new insights in medicine and healthcare.

38) Food:
Food denotes substances consumed for nutritional support. The study connects to food through herbal extracts, emphasizing their role as potential dietary supplements with therapeutic effects, particularly in skin health, exemplifying the intersection between nutrition and medicinal applications.

39) Jang:
Jang may refer to an author or a researcher whose contributions impact the study. This illustrates the collaborative nature of scientific research, where multiple researchers bring unique expertise and perspectives necessary for thorough investigation into the analyzed hypotheses and studies.

40) Rich (Rch):
Rich often characterizes something abundant or high in quality. In the context of this study, it may denote extracts or compounds that are rich in beneficial properties, such as antioxidants or anti-inflammatory agents, emphasizing the importance of source quality in therapeutic applications.

41) Qian:
Qian likely refers to an author involved in the research or publications related to the study. This illustrates the collaborative aspect of scientific inquiry, where diverse contributions from various researchers enhance the comprehensiveness and depth of the research findings presented.

42) Peer review:
Peer review is a process in which scholars evaluate each other's work for quality before publication. It ensures that research is credible, accurate, and meets the standards of the scientific community, playing a critical role in validating studies like the one assessing Derris scandens.

43) Purification:
Purification in a scientific context is the process of separating a compound from its mixtures to obtain high-quality extracts. In the study, purification methods are crucial to isolate active components from Derris scandens, underscoring the relevance of compound quality in determining therapeutic efficacy.

44) Discussion:
Discussion is a section in research that interprets results within the broader context. This allows researchers to explore implications, limitations, and connections to existing literature, providing a platform for unfolding the significance of findings in the study involving Derris scandens and skin treatment.

45) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning refers to the sensation or damage caused by exposure to heat or irritants. In the study, burning is relevant in discussing the side effects associated with NB-UVB phototherapy, emphasizing the need for effective treatments like Derris scandens extract to alleviate such adverse reactions.

46) Family:
In the context of biology, family is a taxonomic rank grouping closely related species. The study mentions Derris scandens, which belongs to the Fabaceae family, underscoring the importance of understanding the classification and phylogenetic relationships in exploring potential medicinal properties of plant species.

47) Reason:
Reason refers to a logical basis for actions or beliefs. In research, articulating the reasons behind the study's hypotheses or design informs the audience about the motivations for investigating the effects of Derris scandens extract on skin health, including addressing gaps in existing treatments.

48) Animal:
Animal typically refers to multicellular organisms that are biologically classified as part of the animal kingdom. Although the study primarily deals with human cell lines, understanding animal models is vital in preclinical research to evaluate treatments' efficacy and safety before human trials.

49) Sumrid (Sumrd, Su-mrid):
Sumrit may refer to an author or contributor involved in the research presented. Recognizing individual contributions highlights the collaborative aspect of scientific inquiry, where the expertise and efforts of multiple researchers drive the development and validation of findings in medical studies.

50) Water:
Water is essential for all living organisms, serving as a solvent in biological processes. In this study, water may relate to the mediums used in culturing cells, highlighting the importance of appropriate environmental conditions in experiments assessing the effects of therapeutic agents.

51) Eagle:
Eagle could metaphorically refer to a keen ability or perspective in research, symbolizing the necessary traits for observation and evaluation in scientific studies. However, its relevance may also hinge on specific contexts relating to the impact of certain compounds or treatment effects.

52) Hand:
Hand can refer metaphorically to manual skills or dexterity in laboratory work, involving tasks such as pipetting or preparing samples. In a broader sense, it portrays the active involvement of researchers in conducting experiments to evaluate the effects of plant extracts in treatment.

53) Pir:
Peer typically relates to individuals at the same level of expertise within the academic community, influencing aspects of research such as peer review. This process strengthens the integrity and credibility of research findings, ensuring that studies published are of high quality and importance.

54) Viru:
Viru likely refers to an author or specific research focusing on viral pathology. Its mention might be related to broader discussions on immunity or therapeutic approaches involving herbal remedies like Derris scandens, establishing links between infectious diseases and potential preventive treatments.