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Ayurvedic lipid rasayans: preparation and bioavailability of phytoconstituents.

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Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Ayurvedic lipid based rasayans - A perspective on the preparation and pharmacological significance of lipids on the bioavailability of phytoconstituents
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Original source:

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Author:

Sharadendu Bali, Suvarna Prasad, Vipin Saini


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:

(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)

Full text available for: Ayurvedic lipid based rasayans - A perspective on the preparation and pharmacological significance of lipids on the bioavailability of phytoconstituents

Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.09.004

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0


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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic lipid rasayans: preparation and bioavailability of phytoconstituents.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their color, flavor, and disease resistance. They have been shown to provide various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-supporting effects. Their role in Ayurvedic formulations emphasizes the importance of natural sources in promoting health and preventing diseases.

2) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is a staple in Ayurvedic medicine and cooking. It serves as a medium for delivering fat-soluble nutrients and phytochemicals. Rich in butyrate, it has anti-inflammatory properties and supports digestive health. Ghee embodies the holistic approach of Ayurveda, enhancing the absorption of herbal remedies.

3) Drug:
Drugs refer to substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. In Ayurveda, drugs often comprise herbal and natural ingredients, emphasizing synergy and holistic health. The integration of traditional formulations into pharmacological frameworks illustrates the potential of ancient knowledge in modern therapeutics and personalized medicine.

4) Water:
Water is essential for life and serves as a solvent for biochemical reactions in the human body. In the context of Ayurvedic practices, water is not just for hydration but also acts as a medium that carries nutrients, facilitates digestion, and aids the absorption of medicinal compounds from foods and herbs.

5) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenating formulations in Ayurveda, aimed at promoting vitality and longevity. These herbal preparations enhance the body's resistance to diseases and rejuvenate tissues. The study of rasayanas focuses on their nutritional and pharmacological profiles, linking ancient practices with modern health science to optimize overall well-being.

6) Amla:
Amla, or Indian gooseberry, is revered in Ayurveda for its rich vitamin C content and health benefits. It's considered an adaptogen, promoting overall wellness. Amla enhances the immunity, supports digestion, and provides potent antioxidant properties, making it a crucial ingredient in many Ayurvedic rasayanas and formulations.

7) Anupana:
Anupana is a term in Ayurveda for substances taken alongside or after medicines to enhance their efficacy. These adjuncts, which can include ghee, honey, or warm water, improve the absorption and action of herbal drugs, making the therapeutic effects more pronounced and facilitating better outcomes for various ailments.

8) Disease:
Disease refers to any disruption in normal bodily functions, often characterized by specific signs and symptoms. In Ayurveda, the approach to managing diseases involves understanding the underlying imbalances in the body. Traditional remedies aim to restore harmony and promote healing through natural means, encompassing diet, lifestyle, and herbal treatments.

9) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita is medicated ghee used in Ayurvedic medicine, combining the properties of fats with various herbs. Its use as a carrier for active ingredients enhances the bioavailability of phytochemicals, supporting healing. The preparation method involves careful crafting to maximize medicinal benefits, aligning with Ayurvedic principles of holistic wellness.

10) Food:
Food serves as a fundamental source of nutrition and energy, influencing overall health and well-being. In Ayurveda, food is not only sustenance but also medicine, with each ingredient having specific properties that can either promote health or contribute to disease, emphasizing the importance of dietary choices for maintaining balance.

11) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing holistic health through balance among body, mind, and spirit. It employs natural treatments like herbs, diet, and lifestyle modifications to prevent and treat diseases. Its principles encourage individualization of therapy, making it increasingly relevant in modern integrative health approaches.

12) Wall:
In a biological context, walls often refer to cell walls or barriers that separate different environments within the body. In terms of digestion, cell walls in plants can affect nutrient bioavailability. Understanding these interactions is crucial in Ayurveda, where the preparation and processing of medicinal plants aim to facilitate nutrient release and absorption.

13) Indian:
Indian refers to anything related to India, including its rich cultural, scientific, and medicinal heritage. India's traditional practices, notably Ayurveda, showcase a deep understanding of health, wellness, and the use of natural resources in healing. This heritage forms a significant part of the global discourse on holistic medicine.

14) Blood:
Blood plays a critical role in transporting nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body. In Ayurveda, the quality of blood is vital for overall health, as it is linked to the body's vitality and disease resistance. Treatments focus on purifying the blood and optimizing its function through diet and herbal medicine.

15) Milk:
Milk is considered a nourishing food in Ayurveda, valued for its health benefits and role as a base for many herbal preparations. It provides essential nutrients, promotes digestive health, and acts as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals, enhancing the efficacy of Ayurvedic remedies when used as an anupana.

16) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. In Ayurveda, medicine includes a wide range of natural therapies, emphasizing the balance of body systems. Ayurvedic practices incorporate comprehensive approaches combining diet, herbology, and lifestyle changes, providing holistic solutions to health challenges.

17) Activity:
Activity refers to any bodily function or process, including metabolic and physiological functions influenced by dietary and herbal inputs. In Ayurveda, understanding the body's activities allows practitioners to tailor treatments that increase vitality, manage disease, and enhance well-being, showcasing the interplay between lifestyle and health.

18) Heating:
Heating is a crucial process in Ayurveda, used to extract nutrients from herbs and increase bioavailability. It serves to transform the chemical structure of food and medicines, making beneficial compounds more accessible. Proper heating techniques in preparation create optimal conditions for digestion and absorption, aligning with Ayurvedic principles.

19) Candy:
Candy refers to sweet confections, often enjoyed for their taste and indulgence. In Ayurvedic contexts, traditional sweets like awaleha incorporate beneficial herbs and natural sugars, acting as rasayanas or rejuvenating preparations. Such formulations combine pleasure with health benefits, reinforcing the idea of food as medicine in Ayurveda.

20) Rich (Rch):
Rich generally denotes abundance or high content. In the context of Ayurvedic medicine, it can refer to nutrient-dense foods and preparations that provide a variety of phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals essential for health. Rich formulations enhance the body’s vitality, immune function, and overall well-being, promoting a full spectrum of health benefits.

21) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts in Ayurveda, compiling knowledge on medicinal properties of herbs, treatments, and holistic practices. Such texts provide insights into the philosophy and methodologies that define Ayurvedic medicine. Their preservation and interpretation are vital for modern Ayurvedic practitioners in maintaining authentic practices and evolving research.

22) Medium:
Medium refers to the means or substance through which something is achieved or transmitted. In Ayurveda, different mediums, like ghee or water, are used to convey herbal properties and enhance bioavailability. Understanding the appropriate medium is essential for effective absorption and therapeutic effects of medicinal formulations.

23) Sugar:
Sugar, a primary source of energy, plays a significant role in Ayurveda. Although often categorized as unhealthy, Ayurvedic practitioners emphasize natural sugars, like those in fruits and honey, for their health benefits. Used in formulations, sugar can help enhance flavor and balance the properties of herbal remedies.

24) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to systematic, evidence-based inquiry into natural phenomena. In Ayurveda, adopting scientific methodologies validates traditional practices and herbal remedies, extending their acceptance in contemporary medical fields. This approach ensures that time-honored knowledge transcends generations, supporting the integration of holistic health care in modern therapeutics.

25) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outer layer of biological structures, influencing interactions with the environment. In nutrition, the surface of plant cells affects how nutrients and phytochemicals are released and absorbed. Ayurvedic practices often aim to optimize these interactions, ensuring effective nutrient uptake and enhancing health benefits.

26) Cancer:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, often requiring complex treatment protocols. Ayurvedic medicine offers holistic approaches to support health during cancer treatment through dietary modifications and herbal interventions. Emphasizing nourishment and immunity, Ayurvedic therapies seek to enhance quality of life alongside conventional treatments.

27) Nature:
Nature encompasses the natural world, including flora and fauna, and represents a source of inspiration in Ayurveda. The study of natural substances provides insights into healing properties, guiding the use of plants and herbs. Ayurveda seeks to align human health with the rhythms and elements of nature for holistic wellness.

28) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, is a historical and cultural hub where ancient practices, including Ayurveda, mingle with modern advancements. It serves as a center for Ayurvedic education and practice, emphasizing the re-emergence of traditional medicine in contemporary health discussions. The city's rich heritage reflects India's medical legacy.

29) Honey:
Honey is a natural sweetener and traditional remedy in Ayurveda known for its therapeutic properties and nutritional value. It possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, making it an essential component in many Ayurvedic formulations. Honey enhances the efficacy of medicines and is considered a tonic for overall health.

30) Pada:
Pada means 'foot' or 'step' in Sanskrit, and can also refer to chapters or sections in ancient texts. In the context of Ayurveda, references to 'padas' may delineate specific treatments, methodologies, or sections of knowledge in classical texts, guiding practitioners in applying ancient wisdom for healing.

31) Human body:
The human body is a complex organism made up of various systems that need balance for optimal health. Ayurveda views the body holistically, focusing on maintaining harmony between body, mind, and spirit. This perspective informs treatment strategies using diet, lifestyle, and herbal interventions to promote overall well-being.

32) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the actions and effects of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. Understanding pharmacology is essential for validating traditional herbal remedies in modern medicine. Ayurvedic drugs are examined for their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety, ensuring their integration into contemporary therapeutic practices and pharmaceutical applications.

33) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, playing a dual role in healing and disease. In Ayurveda, chronic inflammation is viewed as a root cause of many ailments. Herbal remedies aim to reduce inflammation and restore balance, using natural anti-inflammatory agents to support immune health and overall vitality.

34) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda encompasses an understanding of health, disease, and treatment methods derived from ancient texts and practices. This wisdom informs the use of herbs, dietary recommendations, and lifestyle practices, emphasizing a holistic approach to health. Continuous learning is essential for practitioners to apply Ayurvedic principles effectively.

35) Turmeric:
Turmeric, a golden-yellow spice, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, primarily due to its active compound, curcumin. In Ayurveda, turmeric is used to enhance digestion, support liver health, and boost immunity. Its inclusion in remedies highlights the significance of natural substances in maintaining overall health and well-being.

36) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to a process or formulation in Ayurvedic practices that encompasses various methods of preparation. This term underscores the importance of integrating herbs, dietary components, and specific techniques in creating effective medicinal products. Understanding kalpana is essential for developing personalized treatments tailored to individual health needs.

37) Brahma:
Brahma, in Ayurvedic context, typically refers to formulations aimed at achieving high states of mental and physical rejuvenation. These preparations enhance vitality and promote longevity. By integrating specific herbs and practices, Brahma rasayanas contribute to psychological well-being, reflecting the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spiritual health in Ayurveda.

38) Family:
Family in Ayurveda encompasses genetic and hereditary factors that influence an individual's constitution and health predispositions. Understanding family health history aids practitioners in tailoring treatments and dietary recommendations to meet specific needs. This focus on familial connections reinforces the holistic view of health embraced by Ayurvedic practices.

39) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely ground form of herbs or substances used in Ayurvedic preparations. Powders enhance the bioavailability of active compounds when mixed with liquids. They serve as a convenient way to administer medicinal herbs while facilitating faster absorption, reflecting the practical aspects of Ayurvedic formulations.

40) Sneha:
Sneha means 'fat' or 'oil' in Sanskrit and signifies the use of fatty substances in Ayurvedic medicine. Sneha formulations, particularly ghritas and tailas, are essential for enhancing the bioavailability and absorption of fat-soluble phytochemicals. These preparations embody Ayurveda's emphasis on integrating dietary fats into healing practices.

41) Table:
Table may refer to a structured representation or summary of information. In Ayurveda, tabular formats can present pharmacological properties, dosage guidelines, and preparation methods for various herbs and formulations. Such organization aids practitioners in understanding complex information and facilitates effective clinical practices based on traditional knowledge.

42) Bali:
Bali may refer to a person, specifically Dr. Sharadendu Bali, who has contributed to Ayurvedic research. Individuals like Bali play crucial roles in bridging ancient practices with contemporary scientific inquiries, working to validate and modernize Ayurvedic principles for effective health care in today's society.

43) Post:
Post can denote the period following a specific event or the action of publication. In an academic context, post refers to research dissemination through journals or platforms, where findings related to Ayurvedic practices are shared, contributing to ongoing discussions and advancements in holistic health and traditional medicine.

44) clarified butter:
Clarified butter, known as ghee in Ayurveda, has a significant role in traditional cooking and medicine. It serves as a nutritious medium for carrying fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals. The use of ghee enhances the absorption of medicinal properties from herbs, showcasing the synergy of dietary practices in promoting health.

45) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is a nutritious dairy product beneficial in Ayurveda, known for its cooling and digestive properties. It promotes gut health and serves as an excellent accompaniment for various Ayurvedic preparations. Its consumption also aids in balancing doshas, highlighting its importance in traditional dietary practices for overall wellness.

46) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital of India, blending rich cultural history with modern advancements. It serves as a center for Ayurvedic research, education, and practice, reflecting India's heritage in traditional medicine. The city plays a vital role in promoting Ayurveda as a significant system of health care globally.

47) Mahapatra (Maha-patra):
Mahapatra may refer to a contributor to Ayurvedic knowledge or research. Like many practitioners, their role is essential in interpreting ancient texts and practices, linking traditional wisdom with current medical understanding. Their contributions help advance Ayurveda, ensuring its relevance in addressing modern health challenges.

48) Substance:
Substance refers to materials or components with specific properties. In Ayurveda, various substances, particularly herbal extracts, are used in formulations for their therapeutic benefits. Understanding the characteristics and interactions of these substances is crucial for practitioners to tailor treatments that effectively address individual health needs.

49) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a revered Ayurvedic formulation made from three fruits: Amalaki, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It is prized for its detoxifying, rejuvenating, and digestive properties. The synergistic effects of these fruits embody the holistic approach of Ayurveda, promoting health through balanced, natural ingredients and addressing various health issues.

50) Narayana (Nara-ayana, Nara-yana):
Narayana generally refers to a deity within Hinduism, symbolizing preservation and protection. In an Ayurvedic context, it may refer to herbal formulations named after deities, promoting health and spiritual well-being. This connection underscores the interplay between spirituality and health in traditional Indian medicine and culture.

51) Amalaka:
Amalaka, or Indian gooseberry, is a powerful fruit in Ayurveda known for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. Used in various formulations, it supports immunity, improves digestion, and promotes skin health. Amalaka exemplifies the significance of nutrient-dense foods in Ayurvedic dietary practices.

52) Abhaya:
Abhaya means 'fearless' in Sanskrit and is often associated with formulations aimed at promoting strength and vitality. In Ayurvedic practices, formulations named Abhaya may support mental and physical resilience, addressing conditions related to anxiety or stress while embodying traditional philosophy of empowerment and holistic health.

53) Thomas:
Thomas could refer to a researcher or author contributing to the field of Ayurveda and pharmacology. Individuals like Thomas play a significant role in documenting and interpreting traditional practices, bridging the gap between historical knowledge and modern scientific perspectives to enhance understanding and application of Ayurvedic medicine.

54) Muslin:
Muslin is a lightweight cotton fabric often used for straining or filtering in cooking and herbal preparations. In Ayurveda, muslin may be employed in the preparation of medicinal decoctions or herbal infusions, reflecting the practical aspects of crafting effective treatments while ensuring purity and quality in herbal medicine.

55) Repair:
Repair denotes the process of restoring something to a functional state. In Ayurveda, this concept extends to bodily health, emphasizing therapies that rejuvenate and restore physiological balance. Herbal remedies are designed to support the body's innate ability to heal and maintain wellness through natural and restorative practices.

56) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common Indian surname and may refer to contributors in Ayurveda. Such individuals often engage in research or practice within the field, facilitating the transmission of traditional knowledge and fostering modern interpretations to address contemporary health issues through a holistic lens.

57) Reason:
Reason pertains to the underlying basis or justification for beliefs and practices. In Ayurveda, reasoning drives the understanding of health, explaining how different treatments work. This rational approach strengthens the application of traditional knowledge in addressing modern health concerns, seeking empirical validation and practical benefits.

58) Gold (Golden):
Golden typically symbolizes wealth or health in Ayurvedic contexts, often associated with turmeric, a golden spice known for its medicinal properties. Its radiant color signifies therapeutic potential, reflecting the importance of nature's offerings in traditional healing practices, enhancing both culinary and medicinal applications significantly.

59) Taila (Thaila):
Taila refers to medicated oils in Ayurveda, utilized for therapeutic purposes both internally and externally. These oils enhance the absorption of herbal properties and serve as carriers for active ingredients. They embody Ayurveda's principle of using fats to promote health, rejuvenation, and healing in a holistic manner.

60) Gupta:
Gupta is a common Indian surname, often linked to respected scholars or practitioners in Ayurveda and other fields. Contributions from individuals bearing this name highlight the ongoing legacy of Ayurvedic knowledge, fostering the connection between tradition and contemporary understanding of health and medicine in India.

61) India:
India is renowned for its rich cultural and traditional heritage, including Ayurveda, which emphasizes holistic health practices and natural remedies. The country is a center for Ayurvedic education and practice, providing a global platform for the dissemination of ancient wisdom and modern research on wellness and healing.

62) Alavi:
Alavi may refer to a contributor in the field of Ayurvedic research or modern medicine, engaged in expanding knowledge and validating traditional practices. Contributions from individuals like Alavi facilitate the integration of Ayurvedic principles into contemporary scientific frameworks, promoting a more comprehensive understanding of health and wellness.

63) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals in agriculture, business, or medicine. In the context of Ayurveda, practitioners or researchers with this name contribute to the application and dissemination of Ayurvedic practices, aiding in the preservation and promotion of traditional health systems.

64) Study (Studying):
A study refers to an investigation into a subject, aiming to gather knowledge, validate hypotheses, or explore new concepts. In Ayurveda, studies often focus on the efficacy of traditional practices and formulations, bridging ancient wisdom with scientific inquiry to enhance the credibility and application of holistic health approaches.

65) Paka:
Paka refers to cooking or processing food in Ayurveda, often discussed in the context of preparation methods for medicinal formulations. Understanding Paka is crucial for optimizing the bioavailability of nutrients and therapeutic properties of herbs, emphasizing the importance of traditional cooking techniques in promoting health.

66) Kuca:
Kuca may refer to a contributor or researcher in the Ayurvedic field, potentially involved in exploring the interactions of herbal medicines or their applications. Ongoing efforts by individuals in this area of study support the validation and modernization of traditional Ayurvedic practices in contemporary health care.

67) Dhar:
Dhar often refers to a surname in India. Individuals with this surname may engage in Ayurvedic practices, research, or education, helping preserve and evolve the rich traditions of Ayurveda. Their contributions are valuable for continuing the narrative of holistic health practices based on ancient Indian wisdom.

68) Bile:
Bile is a digestive fluid crucial for emulsifying fats and aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Its role in digestion highlights the importance of dietary fats in Ayurvedic medicine, emphasizing the careful consideration of bile-producing foods and substances in promoting digestive health and overall well-being.

69) Curd:
Curd, or yogurt, is a staple in Indian diets, valued for its probiotic properties and digestive benefits. In Ayurveda, curd is often used in various preparations to enhance health. It balances digestive fire, promotes gut health, and serves as an anupana, improving the absorption of nutrients.

70) Wine:
Wine can refer to fermented beverages; although not traditionally emphasized in Ayurveda, it symbolizes the importance of moderation and balance. In Ayurvedic principles, the consumption of any substance, including alcoholic beverages, must be approached mindfully, considering its impact on doshic balance and overall health.

71) Life:
Life embodies the dynamic processes of growth, development, and well-being. In Ayurveda, life is viewed holistically, focusing on the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit. Promoting a balanced lifestyle, including diet and treatment, is essential for nurturing and sustaining vitality throughout an individual's life.

72) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, known as Guduchi, is celebrated in Ayurveda for its immunomodulatory and adaptogenic properties. Often used in formulations to enhance vitality and treat various ailments, it embodies the traditional use of herbs to support the body's resilience against stress and disease, confirming its role in holistic wellness.

73) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is a potent herb used in Ayurveda for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. It aids digestion, alleviates nausea, and supports respiratory health, thus highlighting the relevance of herbal substances in traditional practices for promoting overall health and well-being.

74) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, or Amla, is a vital herb in Ayurveda, recognized for its exceptional antioxidant and immune-boosting properties. Rich in vitamin C, it is commonly used in various formulations to enhance vitality and balance the doshas, demonstrating the integral role of herbal medicine in traditional Indian healthcare.

75) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is an important herb in Ayurveda used for its detoxifying and digestive benefits. Often referred to as the 'king of medicines,' it supports digestive health, enhances metabolic function, and reflects Ayurveda's emphasis on natural remedies for promoting comprehensive well-being.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 107]

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