Review on Satvapatana: A Process of Essence Extraction
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Review on Satvapatana: A Process of Essence Extraction
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Sheenam Rani
P.G Scholar, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus Haridwar, India.
Usha Sharma
Professor, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus Haridwar, India.
Shuchi Mitra
Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus Haridwar, India.
Khem Chand Sharma
Professor and HOD, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus Haridwar, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Review on Satvapatana: A Process of Essence Extraction
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10iSuppl1.1151
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Satvapatana is a significant pharmaceutical process in Rasashastra, the ancient Ayurvedic science focused on the treatment and utilization of metals, minerals, and herbal substances. This process involves the extraction of 'Satva' (essence) from its original sources, facilitating the therapeutic application of various substances. The ultimate goal of Satvapatana is to obtain the active components of ores while minimizing the dosage of the parent material, ensuring efficacy remains intact. Notable historical references to this process are found in classical texts such as Rasendra Mangala by Acharya Nagarjuna, and it has been reiterated in various Ayurvedic scriptures.
Beejavarta and Shuddhavarta: Stages of Satvapatana
Satvapatana takes place in two distinct stages: Beejavarta and Shuddhavarta. The Beejavarta stage signifies the melting of the material, which involves producing a specific colored flame indicative of the ore being processed. This stage is crucial for the initial transformation of material into a form suitable for further processing. Following this, the Shuddhavarta stage emerges when the essence of the material is released, marked by a steady white flame. The temperature range required for these stages varies depending on the type of material being processed. For instance, different metals produce different flame colors, which serve as important indicators during the process.
Importance of Satvapatana in Therapeutics
The extraction of Satva is not merely a material transformation; it holds immense therapeutic potential. The processed Satvas show varying colors and properties, which correlate with their specific medicinal uses. For instance, Abhraka Satva is renowned for its rejuvenating effects, whereas Makshika Satva plays a vital role in promoting health and longevity. These Satvas undergo additional purification and softer processes before they can be utilized for healing purposes. The integration of Satva into therapeutic applications highlights the dual nature of their use—both in enhancing the effectiveness of medicinal treatments and in processing metals, particularly in the context of mercury.
Conclusion
Satvapatana represents a complex yet essential aspect of Ayurvedic pharmacology that emphasizes the significance of essence extraction for achieving therapeutic efficacy. The process intertwines traditional knowledge with practical applications, showcasing its relevance in modern Ayurvedic practices. As the understanding of Satvapatana unfolds, it reveals opportunities for further exploration and refinement, paving the way for enhanced therapeutic methodologies that leverage ancient wisdom within contemporary frameworks. Continued study into this area may unveil deeper insights into the medicinal properties of metals and minerals, contributing to the holistic approach of Ayurveda in treating various ailments.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of the Satvapatana process?
The main purpose of Satvapatana is to extract the essence (Satva) of metals and minerals, minimizing the dose of the raw material while maintaining its therapeutic efficacy for medicinal applications.
What are the two stages involved in Satvapatana?
Satvapatana occurs in two stages: Beejavarta, indicating the melting of the material, and Shuddhavarta, when the essence (Satva) is extracted from the material. Each stage requires specific heat and conditions.
What are some applications of Satvas obtained from Satvapatana?
Extracted Satvas, such as Abhraka Satva, are used for rejuvenative treatments (Rasayana) and in mercurial processing. They can also alleviate various ailments, including pain and wound healing.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review on Satvapatana: A Process of Essence Extraction�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Satva (Shatva):
Satva refers to the essence or active component of metals and minerals extracted through the process of Satvapatana in Rasashastra. These Satvas are used for therapeutic applications in Ayurveda, helping to minimize the dose needed without reducing efficacy.
2) Satvapatana:
Satvapatana is a process in Rasashastra that involves extracting the Satva (essence) of metals and minerals from their original sources. This process aims to obtain the active components of ores for therapeutic uses while minimizing doses without compromising efficacy.
3) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in Rasashastra refers to substances used in Ayurvedic pharmacy, often involving metals, minerals, and other elements that undergo various processes like Shodhana, Marana, and Satvapatana to become therapeutic agents.
4) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana is a purification process in Rasashastra aimed at removing impurities from substances like metals and minerals before they are used medicinally. It is a critical step before processes like Satvapatana and Marana.
5) Dravya:
Dravya refers to any substance or material used in Rasashastra and Ayurveda. These substances undergo different processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to be transformed into therapeutic agents.
6) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma is ash obtained after the incineration (Marana) of metals and minerals in Ayurveda. Resulting Bhasmas are often used for their potent therapeutic properties after undergoing processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana.
7) Marana:
Marana is the process of incineration or calcination in Rasashastra wherein metals and minerals are converted into fine ash or Bhasma after undergoing purification (Shodhana) and softening (Mridukarana).
8) Makshika (Maksika):
Makshika, or copper pyrite, is a mineral used in Rasashastra, often undergoing processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its Satva for therapeutic purposes as mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts.
9) Abhraka:
Abhraka refers to mica, a mineral used in Rasashastra. It undergoes processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to obtain Abhraka Satva, which is used therapeutically and for mercurial processing in Ayurveda.
10) Mineral:
Minerals are natural substances that serve as the base materials in Rasashastra. They undergo various processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to extract their therapeutic essence or Satva for Ayurvedic treatments.
11) Shilajatu (Silajatu, Shila-jatu):
Shilajatu, or black bitumen, is a mineral substance used in Ayurveda. It is processed through Shodhana, Marana, and Satvapatana to obtain a purified, therapeutically active form used for various treatments.
12) Purification:
Purification in Rasashastra, known as Shodhana, is a vital process for removing impurities from substances like metals and minerals before they can be used for therapeutic purposes, including in the extraction of Satva.
13) Tuttha:
Tuttha, or blue vitriol (copper sulfate), is a mineral used in Ayurveda. It undergoes processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its Satva for medicinal and therapeutic applications.
14) Musha (Musa, Musá):
Musha refers to crucibles used in Rasashastra for processes requiring high temperatures. These containers are essential for the procedures of Satvapatana, Shodhana, and Marana of various Dravyas.
15) Shuddhavarta (Suddhavarta):
Shuddhavarta is a stage in the Satvapatana process where the substance starts releasing its Satva. It indicates the time for extraction and is accompanied by the production of a specific flame color in the furnace.
16) Tankana (Tamkana):
Tankana, or borax, is a substance used in Rasashastra's Dravaka Gana (flux) to lower the melting point of metals and aid in the extraction of Satva during processes like Satvapatana.
17) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to metals used in Rasashastra and Ayurveda. These undergo various processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to transform into therapeutically effective substances.
18) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
[see source text or glossary: Rasashastra]
19) Substance:
Substance in the context of Rasashastra refers to various natural materials (Dravyas) like metals, minerals, and other elements that undergo purification and processing to be used for therapeutic purposes.
20) Rasaka:
Rasaka is a zinc ore used in Rasashastra. It undergoes various processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to extract its essence (Satva) for medicinal applications in Ayurveda.
21) Guggulu:
Guggulu, also known as the gum of Balsamo dendron Mukul, is a Dravaka used in Rasashastra. It helps in the extraction of Satva from metals and minerals by serving as a reducing agent during the process.
22) Dravaka:
Dravaka refers to substances like honey, jaggery, borax, and clarified butter used in Rasashastra to aid in the Satvapatana process. These substances help to reduce the melting points of metals and serve as reducing agents.
23) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is used in Rasashastra as a Dravaka to aid in the processing of metals and minerals. It is also used in the Mridukarana process to soften Satvas for therapeutic use.
24) Kasisa (Kashisha):
Kasisa, or ferrous sulphate, is used in Rasashastra. It undergoes processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its essence (Satva) for medicinal applications, specifically in preventing its conversion into Bhasma.
25) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is used in Rasashastra in the Dravaka Gana to aid in the Satvapatana process. It helps in reducing the melting point of metals and serves as a reducing agent during essence extraction.
26) Borax:
[see source text or glossary: Tankana]
27) Guda:
Guda, or jaggery, is used in Rasashastra as part of the Dravaka Gana. It aids in the extraction of Satva from metals and minerals by acting as a reducing agent and lowering melting points during the process.
28) Vaikranta (Vaikramta):
Vaikranta, or tourmaline, is a mineral used in Rasashastra. It undergoes various processing steps, including Shodhana and Satvapatana, to extract its essence (Satva) for medicinal use in Ayurveda.
29) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine from India that focuses on holistic health. Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda specializing in the pharmaceutical processing of metals and minerals for therapeutic use.
30) Gunja (Gumja):
Gunja, or Abrus precatorious, is a plant material used in Rasashastra as part of the Dravaka Gana to aid in the extraction of Satva from metals and minerals during the Satvapatana process.
31) Gana:
Gana refers to a group of substances used collectively in Rasashastra. For example, the Dravaka Gana includes materials like gunja, madhu, guda, ghrita, tankana, and guggulu to aid in various pharmaceutical processes.
32) Navasadara:
Navasadara, or ammonium chloride, is a substance used in Rasashastra. It is subjected to processes like Satvapatana to obtain its essence for use in Ayurvedic medicine.
33) Metallurgy:
Metallurgy in modern science is the study and process of extracting metals from ores. It involves phases like concentration, calcination, roasting, and refining, similar to the Satvapatana process in Rasashastra.
34) Rasendra (Rasa-indra):
[see source text or glossary: Rasashastra]
35) Jaggery:
[see source text or glossary: Guda]
36) Vimala:
Vimala, or iron pyrite, is a mineral used in Rasashastra. It undergoes processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its essence (Satva) for therapeutic purposes in Ayurveda.
37) Ratna:
[see source text or glossary: Rasa]
38) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Aushadh]
39) clarified butter:
[see source text or glossary: Ghrita]
40) Mayurapiccha (Mayura-piccha):
[see source text or glossary: Mayura-piccha]
41) Dravakagana (Dravaka-gana):
[see source text or glossary: Dravaka Gana]
42) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenating therapies in Ayurveda aimed at extending lifespan and promoting health. Substances like Abhraka Satva are used as Rasayanas after processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana.
43) Sasyaka (Shasyaka):
Sasyaka, or bornite ore, is a mineral used in Rasashastra. It undergoes processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its essence (Satva) for therapeutic use.
44) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
Bhavana is a process in Rasashastra where substances are triturated with liquids like plant juices or decoctions. It is often part of the Satvapatana process to aid in the extraction of the essence from raw materials.
45) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa Hridaya Tantra]
46) Piccha:
Piccha refers to some material like feathers used in Ayurvedic processes. Mayura-piccha (peacock feather) undergoes Satvapatana to obtain Satva for therapeutic applications.
47) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara refers to alkaline preparations used in Rasashastra. These substances assist in the Satvapatana process by helping to extract the essence (Satva) from metals and minerals.
48) Jarana:
Jarana refers to the polling process in Rasashastra for transforming substances, especially mercury, into therapeutic forms. It is used alongside other processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana.
49) Mayura:
[see source text or glossary: Mayura-piccha]
50) Parada:
[see source text or glossary: mercury]
51) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or oil, is used in the Mridukarana process of Rasashastra. It helps in softening the Satva extracted from minerals and metals, making it suitable for therapeutic uses.
52) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mridu means 'soft,' and it refers to substances that are less hard and may require lower temperatures for processing. It is also used in processes like Mridukarana for softening Satva.
53) Varga:
[see source text or glossary: Dravaka Varga]
54) Honey:
[see source text or glossary: Madhu]
55) Vasa (Vasha):
Vasa, or fat, is used in the Mridukarana process of Rasashastra. It helps in softening the Satva extracted from metals and minerals, preparing it for medicinal use.
56) Amla:
Amla refers to sour substances used in Rasashastra. These are often part of the Dravaka Gana, aiding in the extraction of Satva from metals and minerals during the Satvapatana process.
57) Rani:
[see source text or glossary: Sheenam Rani]
58) Pain:
[see source text or glossary: Shoola]
59) Rasahridaya (Rasahrdaya):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa Hridaya Tantra]
60) Rajavarta (Rajan-avarta, Rajan-varta):
Rajavarta, or lapis lazuli, is used in Rasashastra. It undergoes processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract its essence (Satva) for therapeutic use.
61) Nagarjuna:
Nagarjuna is an ancient Acharya in Rasashastra, known for his work 'Rasendra Mangala,' where he first depicted the process of Satvapatana. His contributions are pivotal to Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedures.
62) Rasarnava:
Rasarnava is a classical Rasashastra text that describes various processes, including Satvapatana for nine substances, contributing to the understanding of essence extraction in Ayurveda.
63) Bandhana (Bamdhana):
Bandhana is a process in Rasashastra used to bind or stabilize substances like mercury (Parada). The Satva of Tuvari (alum) is specifically used in the Bandhana of Rasa and Uparasa.
64) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa Hridaya Tantra]
65) Uparasa (Upa-rasa):
Uparasa refers to semi-metals used in Rasashastra. These undergo processes like Shodhana and Satvapatana to extract their essence for medicinal applications.
66) Khadira:
Khadira, or Acacia catechu, is a plant whose charcoal is used in the Satvapatana process. The plant is significant due to its ability to produce the required intense heat for the extraction of Satva.
67) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Dehavaed]
68) Mangala (Mangal, Mamgala):
[see source text or glossary: Rasendra Mangala]
69) Tuvari:
Tuvari, or alum, undergoes the process of Satvapatana to extract its Satva for the Bandhana (binding) of Rasa and Uparasa in Rasashastra.
70) Charan:
Charan is a process in Rasashastra for transforming mercury into therapeutic forms, often using Satvas like Abhraka Satva for effective mercury processing.
71) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
[see source text or glossary: Usha Sharma]
72) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Dravya]
73) Vajra:
Vajra refers to diamond, and Vajra Musha is a type of crucible resistant to high temperatures. It is used in the Satvapatana process for extracting essence from hard metals and minerals.
74) Tamra:
Tamra, or copper, is a metal in Rasashastra undergoing processes like Shodhana, Satvapatana, and Marana to extract its essence (Satva) for medicinal use.
75) Visha (Visa):
[see source text or glossary: Charachara Visha]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 170]
Other Science Concepts:
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