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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淪tudy of Vamana and Virechana with/without Shilajit in Diabetes鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Vamana:
Vamana is an Ayurvedic procedure used primarily to alleviate Kapha dosha through therapeutic emesis. It aims to remove Bahudravasleshma, aiding in reducing peripheral insulin resistance and the pathology of Prameha.

2) Shilajit (Silajit, Shila-jit):
Shilajit is a substance used in Ayurveda with numerous therapeutic benefits, such as anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects. It is involved in enhancing the number of 尾-cells of the pancreas, improving insulin secretion, and controlling blood sugar levels.

3) Drug:
The term 'Drug' in this context refers to Ayurvedic medicinal substances administered during the study, such as Shilajit processed with Salasaradi gana kashaya and used for its therapeutic benefits in managing Madhumeha.

4) Yoga:
In the study, Yoga refers to a specific practice or formulation that combines Shilajit with Salasaradi gana kashaya for enhanced therapeutic effects in managing type-2 diabetes mellitus.

5) Disease:
Disease in this context refers to diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia leading to long-term damage, dysfunction, and potential failure of multiple organs.

6) Blood:
Blood parameters like fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels are crucial in the study to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments on glycemic control.

7) Pada:
Pada, meaning foot, is part of various clinical parameters assessed such as Hasta-Pada-tala daha, which refers to burning sensation in the palms and feet commonly observed in diabetic patients.

8) Prameha:
Prameha is the Ayurvedic term for diabetes mellitus, which includes different types such as Vataja Prameha, and involves multiple symptomologies and pathologies including the vitiation of doshas and dhatus.

9) Sugar:
Sugar refers to blood glucose levels that are monitored in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus to assess the efficacy of the treatments, such as Shilajit yoga.

10) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, responsible for structure and lubrication in the body, which when vitiated, contributes to the pathology of diseases like Madhumeha (diabetes).

11) Salasaradi (Salasara-adi):
Salasaradi refers to a group of healing herbs used in the preparation of kashaya (decoction) for Bhavana of Shilajit, enhancing its efficacy in controlling diabetes mellitus.

12) Narasimha (Narasingha, Nara-simha):
Narasimha is likely referring to Dr. K.V.Narasimha Raju, a key researcher in the study investigating the comparative clinical effects of Shilajit yoga in managing Madhumeha or type-2 diabetes mellitus.

13) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya is a therapeutic herbal decoction used in Ayurveda, in this study involving Salasaradi gana used for Bhavana of Shilajit, enhancing its medicinal attributes.

14) Karma (Karman):
Karma in this context refers to therapeutic procedures in Ayurveda like Vamana karma and Virechana karma used for detoxification and treating Madhumeha.

15) Gana:
Gana refers to a group or collection of herbs with specific therapeutic properties, such as Salasaradi gana, used in preparing kashaya for Bhavana of Shilajit.

16) Daha:
Daha refers to a burning sensation, often observed in diabetes. The study notes improvements in Hasta-Pada-tala daha (burning sensation of palms and feet) with the treatment regimens.

17) Suptata (Supta-ta):
Suptata means numbness, often reported as a symptom in diabetic neuropathy. The study assesses clinical improvements in Kara-Pada suptata (numbness of hands and feet).

18) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is likely referring to Dr. Radhey Shyam Sharma, who collaborated with Dr. K.V.Narasimha Raju on the study focusing on Vamana and Virechana with Shilajit Yoga in managing type-2 diabetes mellitus.

19) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, related to metabolism and digestion; its vitiation along with Kapha contributes to the pathology of diseases like Madhumeha.

20) Diet:
Diet patterns are significant in this study, as improper dietary habits like excessive Madhura rasa (sweet-tasting foods) contribute to the development of Madhumeha.

21) Padatala (Pada-tala):
Pada-tala refers to the sole of the foot; Hasta-Pada-tala daha (burning sensation of palms and soles) is one of the symptoms assessed in the study.

22) Kara:
Kara refers to the hand, and is discussed in the study in relation to symptoms like Kara-Pada suptata (numbness of hands and feet) in diabetic patients.

23) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda means fat, one of the affected tissues in Prameha; excess fat is linked to insulin resistance, contributing to the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

24) Tala:
Tala refers to the sole, particularly in context of symptoms like Hasta-Pada-tala daha, where burning sensations affect the palms and soles of diabetic patients.

25) Daurbalya:
Daurbalya refers to weakness, a common symptom observed in diabetic patients; the study evaluates improvement in this condition post-therapy.

26) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine from India, focusing on holistic healing approaches including therapies like Vamana and Virechana for managing diseases like Madhumeha.

27) Avila:
Avila means turbid, often used to describe the characteristic appearance of urine in diabetic patients (Avila mutrata) which is assessed for improvement in the study.

28) Prabhuta:
Prabhuta means excess, particularly used to refer to excessive urination (Prabhuta mutrata), one of the symptoms evaluated in diabetic patients in the study.

29) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating refers to excess perspiration, one of the diabetic symptoms assessed in the study, indicating metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes mellitus.

30) Khadira:
Khadira is one of the healing herbs in Salasaradi gana used in the creation of therapeutic kashayas to enhance the effects of Shilajit in managing diabetes.

31) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja refers to conditions or diseases associated with the Vata dosha, such as Vataja Prameha which correlates with Type-1 diabetes.

32) Thirst:
Thirst or Pipasa is a common symptom of diabetes, representing dehydration caused by high blood sugar levels, assessed for improvement during the study.

33) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to taste or essence in Ayurveda; the study notes the role of excessive Madhura rasa (sweet taste) in the diet contributing to the pathology of diabetes.

34) Vibandha:
Vibandha means constipation, a symptom observed in diabetic patients and assessed for improvement following the therapeutic interventions in the study.

35) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to purification therapies in Ayurveda, such as Vamana and Virechana, used to detoxify the body and treat conditions like Madhumeha.

36) Atinidra:
Atinidra means excessive sleep, a symptom in diabetes mellitus; the study evaluates improvement in Atinidra as part of overall symptom management.

37) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti denotes one's natural constitution, including body and mind aspects; the study classifies patients' Prakriti to understand their susceptibility to disease.

38) Kramuka:
Kramuka is one of the ingredients in Salasaradi gana, utilized for its therapeutic properties in the preparation of kashaya for Shilajit in the study.

39) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
Bhavana is a process of triturating a substance with liquid, such as Shilajit with Salasaradi gana kashaya, to enhance its potency and therapeutic effect.

40) Anupana:
Anupana refers to a vehicle for administering medicine; in the study, Salasaradi gana kashaya serves as the Anupana for Shilajit to enhance its absorption and efficacy.

41) Dravya:
Dravya means substance or material used in therapeutic formulations; various dravyas from Salasaradi gana are used to prepare kashaya for Shilajit in the study.

42) Arjuna:
Arjuna is one of the herbs in Salasaradi gana, used for its medicinal properties in the preparation of kashaya to potentiate Shilajit for managing type-2 diabetes mellitus.

43) Nidradhikya (Nidra-adhikya):
Nidradhikya refers to excessive sleep, a symptom assessed in diabetic patients; the study evaluates its improvement post-therapy.

44) Shramashvasa (Sramasvasa, Shrama-shvasa):
Sramasvasa refers to dyspnoea or breathlessness on exertion, another symptom observed and evaluated during the clinical study on diabetic patients.

45) Discussion:
Discussion in the study addresses the therapeutic mechanisms, propriety of interventions like Shilajit yoga, and implications for managing type-2 diabetes mellitus effectively.

46) Substance:
Substance broadly refers to medicinal materials used in the study including Shilajit, various herbs from Salasaradi gana, and other therapeutic preparations evaluated for treatment effects.

47) Pipilika:
Pipilika refers to ant; Pipilika Sancharati symbolizes tingling sensations akin to ants crawling on the skin, a symptom evaluated in diabetic patients in the study.

48) Karanja (Karamja):
Karanja is one of the herbs in Salasaradi gana with potential benefits in this study's Ayurvedic formulations, utilized for its therapeutic properties in diabetic management.

49) Asadhya:
Asadhya means incurable or difficult to treat; some types of Prameha like Vataja Prameha, which correlates with Type-1 diabetes, are considered Asadhya.

50) Shirisha (Sirisa, Shirisa, Sirisha):
Sirisha is one of the herbs included in the Salasaradi gana, employed in the study for its medicinal properties in preparing kashaya for enhancing Shilajit efficiency.

51) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or ghee, is used in Ayurveda for its properties as a carrier (Yogavahitva) and facilitator (Samsakaranuvartana), optimizing the effectiveness of therapeutic substances.

52) Jaipur:
Jaipur is the city where the National Institute of Ayurveda is located and from where subjects for the study were sourced.

53) Nature:
Nature refers to the underlying characteristics or properties of substances, diseases, or symptoms discussed in the context of Ayurvedic pathology and treatment efficacy.

54) Virya:
Virya refers to the potency or effectiveness of a medicinal substance; for example, Salasaradi gana includes herbs with specific 'Virya' properties like Ushna virya for efficacy in treatment.

55) Agni:
Agni is the digestive fire in Ayurveda; disturbances in Agni, like in Visamagni or irregular digestion, contribute to improper metabolism, a key etiological factor in diabetes mellitus.

56) Katu:
Katu refers to the pungent taste; in Ayurveda, it is one of the tastes that helps to balance Kapha and Meda, contributing to the Samprapti Vighatana (pathogenesis interruption) in Prameha.

57) Sara (Shara):
Sara refers to the essence or quality of body tissues; for instance, patients with Meda-Sara, or those having a predominance of fat essence, are more prone to diseases like Madhumeha.

58) Food:
Food, or dietary habits, play a substantial role in the development and management of diseases; in this study, dietary patterns with Madhura rasa (sweet taste) are noted as contributing factors for Madhumeha.

59) Madhurarasa (Madhura-rasa):
Madhura-rasa means sweet taste, excessive intake of which is linked to the pathogeneses of Kapha-related disorders including Madhumeha (diabetes).

60) Katutikta (Katu-tikta):
Katu-tikta highlights the pungent and bitter tastes, beneficial in Ayurveda for managing Kapha and Meda, key factors in the pathogenesis of Madhumeha (diabetes).

61) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
Purvakarma refers to preliminary procedures in Ayurvedic Panchakarma therapy, including oleation (Snehapana) and fomentation, essential preparatory steps before main detoxification treatments.

62) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the disturbance or imbalance of doshas, such as Kapha and Pitta, commonly seen in the pathology of diseases like Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus).

63) Upadrava:
Upadrava refers to complications or secondary symptoms of a primary disease; in this study, complications like neuropathy and hypertension are observed in patients with Madhumeha.

64) Madhura:
Madhura refers to the sweet taste, often associated with increased Kapha and Meda, contributing to diseases like Madhumeha.

65) Jrimbha (Jrmbha):
Jrimbha means yawning, a symptom noted alongside heaviness and sleepiness (Tandra), which are indicative of disturbances in Vata and Kapha doshas in diseases like Madhumeha.

66) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana therapy refers to palliative treatments in Ayurveda, aiming to balance doshas and provide symptom relief, often following detoxification procedures like Vamana and Virechana.

67) Sevana:
Sevana refers to consumption or usage, such as nidana sevana (etiological factors intake) which includes excessive sweet foods contributing to the pathology of Madhumeha.

68) Alasya:
Alasya means laziness or lethargy, a lifestyle factor contributing to the development of diseases like Madhumeha (diabetes), noted in the study.

69) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to bodily tissues affected by doshic imbalances; in the context of Madhumeha, Meda (fat tissue) and other dhatus are commonly vitiated.

70) Nidana:
Nidana refers to causative factors or etiology; improper dietary and lifestyle habits like excessive intake of sweet and fatty foods are noted nidanas for Madhumeha.

71) Family:
Family history is noted in the study as a predisposing factor for diabetes mellitus, indicating genetic predisposition among patients.

72) Tikta:
Tikta means bitter taste, beneficial in Ayurvedic formulations for managing Kapha and Meda, critical in the treatment of conditions like Madhumeha.

73) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna means hot potency, a property of certain herbs in Salasaradi gana like Meshasringi, beneficial for balancing Kapha and Vata doshas.

74) Shakti (Sakti):
Sakti refers to capacity or strength; terms like Abhyavaharana-sakti (digestive capacity) and Jarana-sakti (digestive strength) are crucial assessments in Ayurveda for understanding patient health.

75) Meha:
Meha refers to urinary disorders; Prameha is a term encompassing various forms of diabetes mellitus with excessive urination as a primary symptom.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 157]