In vitro callus production from leaves of gymnema sylvestre r. br
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: In vitro callus production from leaves of gymnema sylvestre r. br
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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P. A. Nazeem, P. K. Sudhadevi, Lisamma Josepha, C. K. Geetha
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: In vitro callus production from leaves of gymnema sylvestre r. br
Year: 1991
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Gymnema sylvestre, a climber species native to Central and Southern India, has a long history of medicinal use, particularly noted for its properties in combating diabetes mellitus and certain urinary disorders. The leaves of this plant have unique gustatory effects, which can mask sweetness and bitterness. Given the increasing demand for natural antidiabetic agents due to limitations and side effects of conventional therapies like insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, research has turned to G. sylvestre as a potential alternative. However, the plant's propagation challenges necessitate innovative methods for cultivation, leading to this study on callus production from its leaves.
Callus Production from Gymnema Sylvestre
The investigation focused on generating callus tissue from leaf segments of G. sylvestre under sterile conditions using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with varying concentrations of growth regulators. Results indicated that mature leaf segments, when treated with specific combinations of auxins (NAA) and cytokinins (kinetin, BA), showed a significant callus formation rate and growth. Over the experimental period of two weeks, treatments such as MS + 1 ppm NAA + 1 ppm kinetin led to optimal callus indices, with mature leaves exhibiting a higher response compared to young leaves. The ability to efficiently produce callus is crucial, as it opens avenues for isolating active ingredients that could be beneficial for diabetes treatment and other applications.
Conclusion
The successful callus production from Gymnema sylvestre leaf segments underscores the potential of plant tissue culture as a means of overcoming propagation challenges and enhancing the availability of useful medicinal compounds. The controlled conditions of callus growth facilitate the future isolation and production of active ingredients, independent of environmental variables. Furthermore, the research indicates that such biotechnological approaches may lead to more efficient and economically viable methods of production, thereby contributing positively to diabetes management and the broader field of herbal medicine. Continued exploration into the differentiation and active ingredient isolation from callus tissue is encouraged to fully harness the benefits of this valuable plant.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Gymnema sylvestre commonly known as?
Gymnema sylvestre, also known as Small Indian Ipecacuanha or Gurmar, grows in Central and Southern India and is noted for its medicinal properties, particularly for diabetes.
What are the medicinal uses of Gymnema sylvestre?
This plant has been used traditionally as an anti-periodic, stomachic, and diuretic. It is particularly noted for its ability to manage glycosuria and other urinary disorders.
How was callus production initiated in Gymnema sylvestre?
Callus was produced from aseptically inoculated leaf segments on MS medium, using various concentrations of auxins and cytokinins to evaluate callus growth and percentage.
What are the benefits of producing plant callus?
Producing callus allows for the isolation of active ingredients in a controlled environment. It facilitates the cultivation of high-yielding strains independent of external conditions, improving productivity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro callus production from leaves of gymnema sylvestre r. br�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sugar:
Sugar refers to sweet-tasting carbohydrates, primarily glucose and fructose, that are crucial for energy in living organisms. In this context, Gymnema sylvestre inhibits the perception of sweetness from sugar, making it significant for diabetes management as patients often seek natural agents to control their blood sugar levels effectively.
2) Substance:
Substance denotes any material with defined chemical properties. In this study, it refers to the various compounds found in Gymnema sylvestre and the different agents involved in callus formation. The specific substances manipulated, like growth regulators, aid in the understanding and application of plant tissue culture techniques.
3) Water:
Water is vital for all biological processes, serving as a solvent and medium for nutrient transport. In the methods described, the proper washing and sterilization of leaf segments involved distilled water, emphasizing its critical role in maintaining aseptic conditions necessary for successful tissue culture and callus production.
4) Blood:
Blood is the fluid that circulates in the body, delivering essential substances like nutrients and oxygen to tissues, and removing waste products. The discussion around blood sugars highlights the relevance of Gymnema sylvestre in physiological contexts, particularly its potential to regulate blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
5) Perception:
Perception relates to the ability to recognize or interpret sensory stimuli. The study notes that Gymnema sylvestre affects the perception of taste, particularly sweet and bitter flavors, underscoring its unique properties and its historical use in traditional medicine to manage diabetes and related disorders.
6) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific literature refers to the analysis and interpretation of results within the broader context of existing knowledge. Here, the discussion addresses the implications of callus production in Gymnema sylvestre for diabetes treatment and highlights the need for exploring the plant’s active components further.
7) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. Mentioning toxicity emphasizes the potential side effects of conventional diabetes medications compared to natural alternatives, positioning Gymnema sylvestre as a safer, desired option for diabetic patients seeking fewer adverse reactions.
8) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The research on Gymnema sylvestre integrates scientific methodologies with plant biology to explore effective methods of callus production and the extraction of beneficial compounds, showcasing applied botany and pharmacology.
9) Bitter:
Bitter refers to one of the basic tastes, often associated with certain compounds in food and plant-derived substances. Gymnema sylvestre has been noted for its ability to mask bitter tastes, highlighting its potential advantages for patients using it to manage sweet and bitter flavor perceptions in dietary choices.
10) Soil:
Soil is the upper layer of Earth's crust, vital for plant growth and ecology. The limitations of natural propagation of Gymnema sylvestre due to specific soil conditions mentioned in the study underscore the importance of tissue culture methods, allowing for controlled growth independent of soil quality and location.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �In vitro callus production from leaves of gymnema sylvestre r. br�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Gymnema sylvestre, Diabetes mellitus, Aseptic condition, Glycosuria, Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent, Plant tissue culture, Callus growth, Auxin and cytokinin, Secondary products, High Yielding Strains, Controlled environmental conditions, Insulin antibodies.