Svarna 鈥� vanga 鈥� a short duration toxicity study
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Svarna 鈥� vanga 鈥� a short duration toxicity study
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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Sharma, Gyaneshwar, D. Joshi, N. C. Aryya, V. B. Pandey
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: Svarna 鈥� vanga 鈥� a short duration toxicity study
Year: 1985
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Svarna鈥�Vanga, an Ayurvedic preparation utilized primarily for treating genitourinary and metabolic disorders, respiratory issues, and leucorrhea, comprises tin and sulfur as its main components, with traces of mercury, iron, and aluminum. Given the recognized toxicity of certain metals to humans and animals, especially heavy metals, this study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Svarna鈥揤anga. The Ayurvedic claim suggests that when metals are processed according to traditional methods, they become non-toxic; thus, an experimental study was conducted on albino rats over a duration of 14 days, starting from the maximum therapeutic dose of 12.5 mg/100 gm body weight per day.
Evaluation of Toxicity
The animal study involved four groups treated with varying doses of Svarna鈥揤anga, while a control group received only a gum acacia suspension. The findings showed that doses of 12.5 mg and 25 mg did not produce significant toxic effects on the animal tissues. Mild, non-specific changes were observed in kidney tubules and gentle congestion in liver, spleen, and lung tissues. Notably, at higher administration doses of 50 mg and 100 mg per 100 gm body weight, minimal pathologic changes occurred, including fatty vacuolization in the liver and superficial mucosal degeneration in the small intestine in select animals. These results indicate that while higher doses exhibited some toxicity, the drug is generally non-toxic at therapeutic levels.
Conclusion
The study concludes that Svarna鈥揤anga does not exhibit toxic effects on the tissues of albino rats when administered at doses up to 25 mg per 100 gm body weight, significantly exceeding its therapeutic dose of 12.5 mg. Although pathologic changes were observed at higher doses, which warrant further investigation, the overall data support the safety of Svarna鈥揤anga for therapeutic uses in Ayurveda. Continued research on larger animal populations and chemical analyses of the drug's preparation is crucial for confirming its safety profile and understanding the non-toxic nature of its components when processed according to traditional methods.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Svarna鈥揤anga and its primary use in Ayurveda?
Svarna鈥揤anga is an Ayurvedic preparation primarily used for treating genitourinary and metabolic disorders, including conditions like Prameha, Sveta Pradara, and Kasa鈥揝wasa.
What metals are contained in Svarna鈥揤anga?
Svarna鈥揤anga contains tin and sulphur as major components, along with trace amounts of mercury, iron, and aluminum, which raises concerns about potential toxicity.
What were the findings regarding the toxicity of Svarna鈥揤anga?
The study found no toxic effects on tissues at doses of 12.5 mg and 25 mg. Some mild pathological changes were observed at higher doses.
What doses were tested for Svarna鈥揤anga in the study?
The study tested increasing doses of Svarna鈥揤anga at 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg per 100 grams of body weight per day over 14 days.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淪varna 鈥� vanga 鈥� a short duration toxicity study鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Svarna (Svar峁嘺, Svar峁嚹�):
Svarna is the Sanskrit term for 'gold' but in this context, it refers to the metallic preparation containing tin used in Svarna-Vanga. Its significance lies in its traditional Ayurvedic applications where it is believed to bring therapeutic benefits while being processed in a manner considered to reduce toxicity, thus enhancing its medicinal value.
2) Vanga (V膩峁単a, Va峁単a, Va峁単膩, Vamga):
Vanga translates to 'tin' in Ayurveda. It is a major component of the Svarna-Vanga preparation, playing a crucial role in the Ayurvedic treatment of various diseases. The importance of Vanga emphasizes the need to evaluate its safety and potential toxic effects when utilized in medicinal formulations, especially due to its metal characteristics.
3) Drug:
In this context, 'Drug' refers to Svarna-Vanga, which is being evaluated for its pharmacological properties and safety in animal studies. The word signifies not only the substance's therapeutic roles in treating conditions but also the necessity of understanding its components' behavior when ingested, particularly in terms of toxicity and efficacy.
4) Salt (Salty):
Salt in this context refers to the compounds derived from metals contained in Svarna-Vanga. Understanding the properties of these salts, especially in terms of their pharmacological effects and potential toxicity, is crucial for ensuring safe therapeutic applications. The term emphasizes the chemical nature of the ingredients and their biological interactions.
5) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the adverse effects that substances, such as metals in Svarna-Vanga, may have on living tissues. It is a central concern in this study to evaluate the safety of the drug as it implies the potential harmful consequences if the drug is administered inappropriately or in excessive amounts.
6) Swelling:
Swelling, in the context of the study, primarily refers to the mild cloudy swelling observed in the kidneys of the experimental animals. This term reflects the histopathological changes that may indicate a beginning of adverse effects, emphasizing the need for continual monitoring of tissue health following drug administration.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science in this context denotes the systematic study of Svarna-Vanga's effects, rooted in empirical research methodologies aimed at evaluating toxicity. It emphasizes the dual aspect of traditional knowledge combined with modern experimental techniques to ascertain the safety and therapeutic value of Ayurvedic preparations in a scientifically valid manner.
8) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasa艣膩stra):
Rasa-shastra is a branch of Ayurveda dealing with the study of metals and their medicinal properties. Its significance in the research underscores the balance of ancient wisdom with contemporary scientific scrutiny, exploring how traditional methods can potentially alter the toxicity of heavy metals in medicinal preparations like Svarna-Vanga.
9) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the potential buildup of heavy metals in body tissues over time. In the context of Svarna-Vanga, understanding the risk of metal accumulation is crucial, especially given the repeated administration of the drug, as it may lead to chronic toxicity and its associated health impacts, necessitating thorough monitoring.
10) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the interpretative section of the study where the authors analyze the findings in light of existing literature and research. It plays a critical role in contextualizing the results from the animal experiments, relating them to previous studies while articulating the implications for further research and clinical practices.
11) Irritation:
Irritation relates to the responses observed in tissues due to exposure to the salts of metals, which can lead to adverse effects. It is significant in evaluating the safety of Svarna-Vanga, as understanding the extent of irritation caused by heavy metals helps to gauge their therapeutic viability and the risk of tissue damage.
12) Ayurveda (膧yurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, the ancient system of Indian medicine, is integrated into this study as it provides the foundational principles for Svarna-Vanga's use. Its relevance encourages the exploration of holistic healing and emphasizes traditional practices that have incorporated metallic drugs for centuries, spotlighting the need for rigorous scientific validation.
13) Medicine:
Medicine, in this context, highlights the treatment applications of Svarna-Vanga for various diseases outlined within traditional Ayurvedic practices. The understanding of its therapeutic utilization underscores the importance of ensuring safety through scientific experimentation, linking traditional remedies with modern healthcare practices to enhance patient safety and efficacy.
14) Shastra (艢膩stra):
Shastra translates to 'scripture' or 'treatise', referring to the body of knowledge in Ayurveda that encompasses various fields, including Rasa-shastra. Its relevance signifies the deep-rooted texts that guide the preparation and use of Ayurvedic drugs, ensuring that ancient wisdom is upheld while new research is conducted.
15) Prameha:
Prameha refers to a group of metabolic and urinary disorders in Ayurvedic medicine. The mention of Prameha in the context of Svarna-Vanga indicates the traditional usage of this preparation, informing its role in treating specific health issues and the importance of understanding its efficacy and safety for these applications.
16) Pradara:
Pradara, or leucorrhea, designates specific conditions treated with Svarna-Vanga. Its inclusion in the study points to the preparation's targeted therapeutic claims, highlighting the need for assessing its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms through scientific investigation to ensure patient safety and satisfaction in treatment.
17) Sharman (艢arma, Sarm膩, Sarma, Sharma, 艢arman):
Sharma is the surname of one of the researchers involved in the study. Its presence signifies the collaboration of various scholars in the exploration of Svarna-Vanga, emphasizing the interdisciplinary approach to understanding the preparation's safety and efficacy within the context of Ayurvedic and modern medicinal practices.
18) Shveta (艢vet膩, Sveta, 艢veta):
Sveta translates to 'white' and often pertains to conditions like leucorrhea (Sveta Pradara). Its relevance indicates the specific health problems targeted by Svarna-Vanga, thus linking nomenclature from traditional texts to specific medical conditions, suggesting the carved-out roles of such preparations in treating identified issues within Ayurvedic practice.
19) Sora (S艒ra, Shora):
Shora or 'rock salt' refers to a minor component in the formulation of Svarna-Vanga. Its relevance in the study lies in its potential influence on the drug's pharmacological properties and any resultant effects on toxicity, highlighting the importance of understanding every ingredient's role in the overall formulation.
20) Rasa (Ras膩, Rasha):
Rasa means 'taste' or 'essence' in Ayurveda and refers to the therapeutic properties of substances. In the context of Svarna-Vanga, the term emphasizes the need to evaluate the drug's holistic benefits while also considering its possible toxic effects, bridging traditional beliefs with modern pharmacology.
21) Kasa (Kasha, K膩s膩, Kas膩, K膩艣a, K膩sa, Ka艣a, Ka峁, Ka峁Ｄ�, K膩峁):
Kasa, or respiratory disorders, highlights another area where Svarna-Vanga is claimed to be beneficial. This term stresses the importance of evaluating the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic preparations in treating respiratory conditions, underpinning the broader aim of the research to validate traditional practices through scientific inquiry.
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Experimental study, Metabolic disorder, Chemical analysis, Ayurvedic preparation, Heavy metal, Therapeutic dose, Necrosis, Toxic effect, Animal experiment, Swarna Vanga, Pathologic change, Non-toxic, Respiratory disorder.