Some notes on brahmadeva's activity as a commentator
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Some notes on brahmadeva's activity as a commentator
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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Dr. G.J. Meulenbeld
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: Some notes on brahmadeva's activity as a commentator
Year: 1982
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This paper by Dr. G.J. Meulenbeld critically examines the contributions of Brahmadeva as a commentator on Ayurvedic texts, specifically focusing on his tippana to the Susrutasamhita, utilized by Dalhana in his Nibandhasamgraha. The study begins by reviewing existing literature and quotations attributed to Brahmadeva, which appear in various commentaries on Ayurvedic works. The author aims to clarify Brahmadeva's role, his chronological position, and the identity of his works amidst earlier and later commentators.
Interconnections Between Brahmadeva and Dalhana
One of the critical concepts explored in this paper is the relationship between Brahmadeva and Dalhana, the latter of whom integrated multiple references from Brahmadeva's tippana into his commentary. The analysis shows that although Dalhana acknowledged Brahmadeva's contributions, he often disagreed with some of his interpretations and readings. For instance, certain medical explanations given by Brahmadeva were either valued or rejected by Dalhana. Furthermore, the paper reveals that the bulk of Brahmadeva’s quotations in the Vyakhyakusumavali primarily derive from his commentary on the Susrutasamhita, suggesting that the supposed separate commentary on the Siddhayoga is unlikely to exist. This insight helps position Brahmadeva within the broader context of Ayurvedic literature and elucidates his influence on Dalhana’s interpretations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the paper posits that Brahmadeva was a significant figure in the development of Ayurvedic scholarship between the seventh and eleventh centuries, appreciated for his contributions but also critiqued by contemporaries like Dalhana. The study highlights the need to reassess the attribution of Brahmadeva's works and suggests that most known quotations originate from his commentary on the Susrutasamhita, further distancing him from the presumed authorship of a commentary on Vrnda’s Siddhayoga. This clarification helps establish Brahmadeva’s chronological framework and enhances the understanding of his impact on the tradition of Ayurvedic literature.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
Who was Brahmadeva and what was his contribution?
Brahmadeva was a medical commentator known for his tippana on the Susrutasamhita. His insights were cited by later authors, including Dalhana, indicating his significant role within Äyurvedic literature.
What does the Nibandhasamgraha reveal about Brahmadeva's work?
The Nibandhasamgraha contains at least eighteen references to Brahmadeva, indicating that Dalhana valued some aspects of his commentary on the Susrutasamhita while critiquing others.
What speculation exists regarding Brahmadeva's other commentaries?
While it was suggested that Brahmadeva commented on Vrnda's Siddhayoga, evidence indicates most of his citations in the Vyakhyakusumavali derive from his Susrutasamhita commentary, not Siddhayoga.
How is Brahmadeva's chronological position determined?
Brahmadeva likely lived between the seventh and eleventh centuries, postdating Jejjata and predating Cakrapanidatta based on references from later commentators and cited texts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Some notes on brahmadeva's activity as a commentator�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sushruta-samhita (SuÅ›ruta-saṃhitÄ):
The Susrutasamhita is an ancient Sanskrit text attributed to the sage Susruta, regarded as one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda. It contains detailed descriptions of surgical techniques, anatomy, and medicinal practices, forming a crucial part of Indian medical literature and influencing medical practices in South Asia.
2) Jejjata (Jejjaá¹a):
Jejjata is a revered commentator on Ayurvedic texts, notable for his interpretations of the Susrutasamhita. His work provides insight into early Ayurvedic practices and influences later commentators such as Dalhana and Brahmadeva. His contributions are vital for understanding the evolution of Ayurvedic commentary tradition.
3) Caraka-samhita (Caraka-saṃhitÄ):
The Carakasamhita is another seminal Ayurvedic text, attributed to the sage Caraka. It focuses on internal medicine and the philosophical underpinnings of health and disease. The text complements the Susrutasamhita, together forming the core literature of Ayurveda and guiding practitioners in ancient and modern times.
4) Madhavanidana (MÄdhavanidÄna, Madhava-nidana):
Madhavanidana is a significant Ayurvedic text focusing on the causes and treatment of diseases, attributed to Madhava. It draws from earlier texts, including the Susrutasamhita, and serves as a foundational work in Ayurveda. Its relevance persists in contemporary Ayurvedic practices and teachings.
5) Shivadasasena (ÅšivadÄsasena):
Sivadasasena was a commentator who contributed to the discourse on Ayurvedic texts. His observations and critiques provide valuable perspectives, particularly in the context of existing commentaries like those of Cakrapanidatta. His work illustrates the complexity and depth of Ayurvedic literary tradition.
6) Cakrapani (CakrapÄṇi, CakrapÄṇÄ�, Cakra-pani):
Cakrapani was a prominent commentator on the Carakasamhita and other Ayurvedic texts. His interpretations greatly influenced Ayurvedic scholarship. By organizing and clarifying earlier texts, he played a key role in the transmission of knowledge in traditional Indian medicine.
7) Medicine:
Medicine, in the context of this text, refers to the practice of healing and the study of health defined by ancient Indian traditions such as Ayurveda. It encompasses surgical, herbal, and philosophical aspects, emphasizing a holistic approach to well-being based on texts like the Susrutasamhita.
8) Activity:
In this context, activity refers to the commentary work of Brahmadeva and others who engaged with ancient texts. This scholarly activity involves analyzing, interpreting, and expanding upon existing medical knowledge, thereby influencing the evolution of Ayurvedic education and practice through generations.
9) Hemadri (HemÄdri, Heman-adri):
Hemadri was an influential commentator on Ayurvedic texts, particularly known for his work in the 14th century. His commentaries provided interpretations of earlier works, bridging gaps in Ayurvedic literature. Hemadri’s contributions are essential for the continuity of Ayurvedic knowledge during his time.
10) Sharman (Åšarma, SarmÄ, Sarma, Sharma, Åšarman):
In this context, Sharma likely refers to P.V. Sharma, a scholar engaged in chronicling Ayurvedic history and literature. His works connect ancient practices to modern applications, reflecting the ongoing relevance of texts like the Susrutasamhita and their interpretations by later commentators.
11) Varmi:
Varmi refers to a term or concept possibly associated with a specific condition or medicinal plant within Ayurvedic literature. In commentaries by Brahmadeva and Dalhana, it might have been defined or interpreted as part of a broader discussion on medicinal plants or treatments.
12) Ashtangahridayasamhita (Aá¹£á¹Äá¹…gahá¹›dayasaṃhitÄ, Ashtanga-hridaya-samhita):
The Astangahrdayasamhita is an Ayurvedic text attributed to Vagbhata, discussing the principles of treatment and health management. It complements the Susrutasamhita and Carakasamhita, forming a trilogy of foundational texts in Ayurveda today, providing a structured approach to the study of medicine.
13) Dravyagunasamgraha (Dravyaguṇasaṃgraha, Dravyaguna-samgraha):
The Dravyagunasamgraha, attributed to Madhava, is a comprehensive text detailing various medicinal substances and their properties. It plays a critical role in Ayurvedic pharmacology, functioning as a reference for practitioners to understand the therapeutic potential of herbs and other natural remedies.
14) Cikitsasthana (CikitsÄsthÄna, Cikitsa-sthana):
Cikitsasthana is a significant section within the Carakasamhita that deals with clinical medicine, diagnosis, and treatment methodologies. This part of the text emphasizes practical aspects of Ayurvedic healing, guiding practitioners in managing ailments based on ancient medical principles.
15) Uttaratantra (Uttara-tantra):
The Uttaratantra is a part of the Ashtanga Samgraha that addresses later developments in Ayurvedic practice and theory. It covers advanced topics, including specific diseases, therapies, and physiological principles, emphasizing the progression of Ayurvedic knowledge from classical to more contemporary frameworks.
16) Nidanasthana (NidÄnasthÄna, Nidana-sthana):
Nidanasthana is another crucial section of the Carakasamhita, focusing on the etiology and diagnostic aspects of diseases. This part underscores the importance of understanding the causes of ailments in Ayurvedic practice, thus enabling targeted and effective treatment strategies.
17) Sharirasthana (ÅšÄrÄ«rasthÄna, Sharira-sthana, ÅšarÄ«rasthÄna):
Sarirasthana is the section of the Carakasamhita that examines human anatomy and physiology. It serves as a foundational text for understanding the structure and function of the body, which is essential for developing a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment in Ayurveda.
18) Mamsadivarga (MÄṃsÄdivarga, Mamsadi-varga):
Mamsadivarga may refer to categories or classifications within the context of Ayurvedic anatomy or physiology. Specifically, it could denote the study of muscle tissues or related systems, showcasing the detailed understanding of bodily structures necessary for effective Ayurvedic medical practices.
19) Sutrasthana (SÅ«trasthÄna, Sutra-sthana):
Sutrasthana is the introductory section of the Susrutasamhita that outlines fundamental principles of surgery and medicine. It establishes theoretical foundations for surgical practices and therapeutic methodologies, reflecting the comprehensive nature of ancient Indian medical texts and their structured organization.
20) Sunishannaka (Suniṣaṇṇaka):
Sunisannaka is a specific medicinal term or herb referenced within Ayurvedic literature. Brahmadeva's characterization of it in his commentary illustrates the importance of plant-based remedies in Ayurvedic practice, emphasizing the reliance on natural substances for healing.
21) Stambhana:
Stambhana refers to a therapeutic action in Ayurveda aimed at stopping or controlling conditions, typically associated with bleeding or excessive bodily functions. It represents one of the various treatment modalities described in ancient texts, highlighting the strategic approaches employed in Ayurvedic healing.
22) Shakavarga (ÅšÄkavarga, Shaka-varga):
Sakavarga denotes a classification or grouping of vegetables in Ayurvedic texts. Understanding this classification aids practitioners in utilizing vegetables for dietary recommendations and therapeutic interventions, as they are integral components of Ayurvedic nutrition and healing practices.
23) Sunishanna (Suniṣaṇṇa):
Sunisanna, a term referenced in Ayurvedic texts, likely pertains to a particular plant or condition treated within the traditional system. Its inclusion in Brahmadeva’s commentary signifies its relevance in practical applications of Ayurveda and herbal medicine.
24) Samgrahin (SaṃgrÄhin, Saá¹…grahÄ«, SaṃgrÄhÄ«, Sangrahi, Samgrahi):
Samgrahin refers to a category within Ayurvedic classification, possibly related to collection or synthesis of various medicinal elements. The term highlights Ayurveda’s systematic approach to categorizing treatments and remedies, contributing to its structured framework.
25) Ayurveda (Ä€yurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing balance in bodily systems and the use of natural substances for healing. Its principles focus on prevention and holistic treatment approaches, integrating bodily, mental, and spiritual health, as outlined in foundational texts.
26) Bhaskara (BhÄskara):
Bhaskara refers to a significant figure within the Ayurvedic tradition, possibly a commentator or author whose contributions are referenced alongside Brahmadeva’s work. Acknowledging Bhaskara’s insights is crucial for understanding the historical development of Ayurvedic literature and clinical practices.
27) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana, RasÄyana, RÄsÄyana):
Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda focused on rejuvenation and longevity. The term encompasses various practices aimed at enhancing health and vitality. Brahmadeva’s discussions on Rasayana emphasize its importance in holistic health approaches, contributing to the preservation of life and wellness.
28) Priyangu (Priyaṅgu, Priyaṃgu, Priyamgu):
Priyangu refers to a particular medicinal plant or component in Ayurvedic practices. Its usage in commentaries by Brahmadeva indicates the significance of botanicals in traditional healing and illustrates the reliance on nature within the Ayurvedic medicinal framework.
29) Maireya:
Maireya is likely associated with a classification or definition of substances or conditions within Ayurvedic texts. Brahmadeva’s interpretation could provide insights into ancient understandings of healing, contributing to the body of knowledge regarding effective treatments in Ayurveda.
30) Nirnaya (Nirṇaya):
Nirnaya refers to the process of resolution or determination in Ayurvedic practice, often relating to diagnosis or treatment decisions. It emphasizes the analytical approaches employed by practitioners to navigate complex medical scenarios as outlined in commentaries and traditional texts.
31) Science (Scientific):
In this context, science refers to the systematic study of medicine as practiced in Ayurveda, which incorporates empirical observation, experimentation, and theoretical frameworks. The structured knowledge derived from Ayurvedic texts represents an early sophisticated understanding of health, disease, and healing.
32) Siddha (SiddhÄ):
Siddha represents a term associated with accomplished or perfected practitioners in Ayurvedic and Indian traditional medicine. It conveys an aspect of mastery in knowledge and practice, emphasizing the importance of skilled practitioners in the successful application of Ayurvedic healing methodologies.
33) Cakra (CakrÄ, CÄkra):
Cakra refers to energy centers in the body according to Ayurvedic and yogic traditions, playing a significant role in the understanding of physical and spiritual well-being. Awareness of Cakras is integral to holistic health practices, influencing treatment approaches within Ayurveda.
34) Yoga (YogÄ):
Yoga is a practice associated with physical, mental, and spiritual discipline rooted in Indian philosophy. It complements Ayurvedic treatments by promoting balance and well-being, often incorporated into healing strategies. Its importance lies in its holistic approach to health, enhancing overall life quality.
35) Sita (SÄ«tÄ, Śīta, SÄ«ta, Shita, SÄ«tÄ, SitÄ, Åšita, ŚītÄ, Siá¹a, Siá¹Ä�):
Sita may refer to a specific plant, substance, or term relevant in Ayurveda. Its distinction between commentators illustrates the nuanced understanding of various medicinal elements crucial for effective treatment that Brahmadeva and others explored in their interpretations.
36) Lata (LÄá¹a, LatÄ):
Lata refers to a creeping or climbing plant, possibly used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its mention in Brahmadeva’s commentaries indicates the recognition of plant diversity and its importance in herbal medicine, underscoring the connection between botany and traditional healing practices.
37) Post:
In this context, post likely refers to the chronological positioning of various authors and texts within the Ayurvedic tradition, highlighting the lineage and development of medical knowledge. Understanding these timelines is crucial for tracing the evolution of thought and practice in Ayurveda.
Other Science Concepts:
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.