Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Fresh Perspectives on Old Issues
Journal name: Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions
Original article title: Douglas R. Edwards, Ă©d., Religion and Society in Roman Palestine. Old Questions, New Approaches
The journal “Archives of Social Sciences of Religions� publishes advanced research on religion in French, English, and Spanish. It studies the sociology of religions and religious traditions or theologies. It is supported by the INSHS-CNRS (“Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales�)
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Subtitle: New York-Londres, Routletdge, 2004, 194 p.
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Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions:
(Founded in 1956 and published quarterly�)
Full text available for: Douglas R. Edwards, Ă©d., Religion and Society in Roman Palestine. Old Questions, New Approaches
Year: 2006 | Doi: 10.4000/assr.3511
Copyright (license): © Archives de sciences sociales des religions
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The book "Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions, New Approaches," edited by Douglas R. Edwards, delves into the historical and archaeological understanding of Roman Palestine following Pompey's conquest in 63 BCE. Over the course of 350 years of Roman rule, the complexities of societal interactions, material culture, and religious practices in the region have been subjects of intense scholarly debate. The work invites specialists to critically engage with both old questions and new methodologies while focusing on reconciling archaeological findings with textual sources, particularly those that have become almost canonical in Jewish and Christian traditions.
Interpreting Archaeological Findings: Reconciling Text and Artifact
One of the prominent themes explored in the book is the challenge of interpreting archaeological findings alongside historical texts. Martin Goodman emphasizes the necessity of integrating both forms of evidence to develop a coherent understanding of Roman Palestine. The editors highlight and advocate for a nuanced approach to the complexities surrounding biblical texts and archaeological records, particularly from the first century CE, which has become a battleground for various interpretations—especially regarding the Dead Sea Scrolls and their potential ties to early Christianity. This complex interplay underscores the importance of methodology in the interpretation of archaeological artifacts with respect to existing literary accounts.
The Role of Societal Structures
The book also addresses the societal structures within Roman Palestine, specifically looking at communal institutions like synagogues. Lee I. Levine explores the origins and functions of synagogues, questioning whether these spaces were primarily religious or served more secular purposes as community centers. This inquiry into the role of synagogues illuminates broader themes of cultural integration and the negotiation of identity among Jews during this era, highlighting how religious and social practices intersected within the temple and synagogue frameworks of the period. This discussion enriches our understanding of the complexities of Jewish life amid Roman governance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, "Religion and Society in Roman Palestine" offers valuable insights into the historical and methodological dimensions of archaeological research while navigating the intricate relationship between material culture and textual narratives. The contributions within the volume reflect an ongoing scholarly endeavor to address entrenched questions about Jewish identity, acculturation, and the broader implications of Roman rule in Palestine. Ultimately, this work stands as a resource for readers interested in the multifaceted heritage of a region deeply influenced by the interplay of religion, society, and politics in antiquity.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the book 'Religion and Society in Roman Palestine' about?
The book explores the life of Roman Palestine and examines archaeological interpretations, inviting experts to critically engage with historical and material culture without national or religious biases.
Who edited the book and when was it published?
Douglas R. Edwards edited 'Religion and Society in Roman Palestine', published in 2004 by Routledge.
What historical period does the book mainly focus on?
The book primarily focuses on the Roman occupation of Palestine, particularly around the first century, a period rich in archaeological and textual sources.
How does the book address archaeological and literary sources?
It seeks to match archaeological findings with historical texts, particularly those authored by Josephus, Philo, and Pliny the Elder, emphasizing methodological rigor in their interpretation.
What topics do the contributions in the book cover?
Contributions range from the reconstruction of Roman Palestine to the analysis of synagogues, the impact of Christianity, and studies on artifacts like coins and inscriptions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Theological and religious glossary list for “Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Fresh Perspectives on Old Issues�. The list explains important keywords that occur in this and other scholarly articles. It is also linked to the glossary for understanding that concept in the context of History, Religion, Philosophy, Theology, Sociology etc.
1) Roman (Roma):
The term 'Roman' refers to the historical context of the province of Palestine during Roman control, particularly the impact of Roman rule on local societies, economies, and cultural interactions.
2) Religion:
The book discusses how 'religion' in Roman Palestine can be examined through archaeological findings alongside textual evidence, exploring its influence on societal structures and daily life.
3) Book:
This 'book' serves as a comprehensive analysis of archaeological and textual evidence related to Roman Palestine, highlighting new approaches and robust debates within the field.
4) Debate:
There is an ongoing 'debate' concerning the interpretations of archaeological findings vis-Ă -vis literary texts, shedding light on societal dynamics and religious practices in ancient Palestine.
5) Reflection:
Scholars must engage in thoughtful 'reflection' regarding the convergence of archaeological methodologies and historical texts to better understand ancient cultures in Roman Palestine.
6) Conquest:
The 'conquest' of Palestine by Pompey in 63 B.C. marked the beginning of Roman authority, establishing a political and cultural framework that shaped religious life over centuries.
7) Woman (Women):
The role of 'women' in ancient societies is examined, particularly how their social positioning impacted religious practices and community structures, challenging assumptions about gender dynamics.
8) Existence:
The 'existence' of various religious practices in Roman Palestine is examined through archaeological remnants and historical texts, revealing the complexity of spiritual life in the region.
9) Exercise:
The 'exercise' of power in Roman Palestine can be analyzed through archaeological findings relating to governance, community organization, and individual agency within society.
10) Pottery:
Analysis of 'pottery' finds sheds light on daily life and trade in Roman Palestine, providing tangible evidence of cultural exchange and local practices.
11) Worship:
The nature of 'worship' in Roman Palestine is explored through archaeological evidence of cult practices and community gatherings that reflect local religious beliefs and adaptations.
12) Nature:
The 'nature' of social structures and religious practices are raised in discussions of archaeological findings, emphasizing the complexity of cultural interactions in ancient Palestine.
13) Temple:
The 'temple' in Jerusalem plays a significant role in the discussions of religion and society, serving as a focal point for worship and cultural identity in ancient Judaism.
14) Space:
The concept of 'space' is critical in understanding how physical and social environments in Roman Palestine shaped community interactions and religious practices.
15) Fortification:
The term 'fortification' relates to the military and defensive structures that influenced urban development and societal organization in the context of Roman rule.
16) Civilization:
The term 'civilization' captures the diverse cultural and religious interactions present in Roman Palestine, including acculturation and the maintenance of distinct identities.
17) Transmission:
The 'transmission' of religious traditions and texts during the Roman occupation is crucial for understanding how beliefs evolved and influenced local practices.
18) Discussion:
Scholarly 'discussion' around archaeological interpretations fosters a deeper understanding of the intersections between material culture and textual narratives in Roman Palestine.
19) Science (Scientific):
A 'scientific' approach is applied to the evaluation of archaeological findings, including critical methodologies that address biases and assumptions inherent in historical narratives.
20) Revolution:
[see source text or glossary: #Revolution#]
21) Isolation:
The concept of 'isolation' is challenged in the context of Qumran and its relationship with surrounding communities, complicating narratives of social seclusion.
22) Heracles:
The worship of 'Heracles' and Dionysus is explored through archaeological evidence, highlighting the syncretism and interaction of various religious traditions in the region.
23) Dionysus:
The representation of 'Dionysus' in archaeological findings signals the blending of different cultural and religious practices in Roman Palestine, reflecting local adaptations.
24) Language:
The 'language' utilized in inscriptions and texts found in the region provides insight into cultural exchanges and the literacy levels within Roman Palestine society.
25) Alphabet:
The discovery of an ancient 'alphabet' on pottery raises discussions about literacy, communication, and cultural evolution in Roman Palestine during the first century.
26) Tangible:
The 'tangible' artifacts discovered in archaeological digs provide concrete evidence that enrichs scholarly understandings of ancient practices and community life.
27) Violent:
The term 'violent' describes events expressed through archaeological layers, revealing the disruptions and changes in societal structures due to conquests and revolts.
28) Devotion (Devoted):
Scholarly contributions within the book are 'devoted' to exploring the intersections of religious practices and everyday life among various communities in Roman Palestine.
29) Mastery:
[see source text or glossary: #Mastery#]
30) Family:
The notion of 'family' extends beyond immediate kinship ties, implicating larger community dynamics in cultural practices and collective memories in ancient Palestine.
31) Valley:
[see source text or glossary: #Valley#]
32) Seva (Sheva):
[see source text or glossary: #Sheva#]
33) Doubt:
[see source text or glossary: #Doubt#]
34) Power:
The 'power' dynamics in Roman Palestine involved the interaction between Roman authorities and local populations, shaping religious life and communal organization.
35) Stone:
The significance of 'stone' tools and vessels highlights artisan practices and trade networks within Roman Palestine's economic landscape.
36) Pakan:
The term 'pagan' is used to describe non-Jewish religious practices that existed alongside emerging monotheistic traditions in Roman Palestine, showing cultural diversity.
37) Dina:
[see source text or glossary: #Dina#]
38) Jodi:
Contributions from 'Jodi' Magness delve into specific archaeological findings related to the Qumran scrolls, emphasizing the historical context of these artifacts.
39) Food:
The discussion surrounding 'food' preservation methods includes insights into cultural practices that reflect communal values and religious observances present in ancient societies.
40) Dead:
The 'Dead' Sea Scrolls are critical to the discussions of religious narratives, providing insight into the beliefs and practices of communities living in Roman Palestine.