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Prabh膩candra was a Jaina philosopher. He is also a grammarian. But no detail information is found about his life and time. From his book 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补, it is known about the name of his guru and the place where he has written his work. Padmanandisaiddh膩nta was his guru. From his work, it can also be known that Prabh膩candra written this book in Dh膩r膩nagar墨where ruled Bhojadeva.

Though his time has not been mentioned in his work, yet his date can be approximately fixed from internal and external sources. Jinasena, the author of 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺 stated the name and time of a Prabh膩candra, who wrote Candrodaya. From the name of Candrodaya, it is presumed that the work is 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补 of Prabh膩candra. But this view is not accepted by all. The original name of the work is 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补 not Candrodaya. Hence, these scholars say that the author of 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补 and Candrodaya are not the same. Jinasena completed the commentary of Jayadhaval膩 of his guru 痴墨谤补蝉别苍补 in 759 A.D. and after that he completed 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺 in 840A.D. For that reason, every scholar accepted the time of Prabh膩candra between 8 century and 9 century A.D. But there are some doubts about this time. Firstly some arguments are put below for this reason:

1. One of the most famous 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, i.e., 贬补谤颈惫补峁兣沘辫耻谤腻峁嘺 was written by Jinasena in 783 A.D. It was earlier than the 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺. In that 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 he mentioned the name of one Prabh膩candra who was a pupil of Kum膩rasena and also described him as the author of Candrodaya like the 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺. From this description, it can be presumed that these two Prabh膩candras of 贬补谤颈惫补峁兣沘辫耻谤腻峁嘺 and 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺 are the same person and a pupil of Kum膩rasena. So, Prabh膩candra, the greatest philosophical author of 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 and 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补 is different from that Prabh膩candra, found in the two 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s, because the name of his guru is Padmanandisaiddh膩nta and not of Kum膩rasena.

2. The writers who followed Akala峁卥a such as Vidy膩nanda and Anantav墨rya are mentioned by Prabh膩candra in his work. But the author of 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺, i.e., Jinasena does not mention the name of Vidy膩nanda and Anantav墨rya in his work. These two writers also do not belong earlier than 9 century A.D. If Prabh膩candra belonged earlier than 9 century A.D., and then it is not possible for him to mention the name of Vidy膩nanda and Anantav墨rya in his work. So, Prabh膩candra does not belong earlier than 9 century A.D.

From the above arguments, it can be said that the author of Candrodaya, i.e., Prabh膩candra is not the Prabh膩candra of 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补, and the time of Prabh膩candra that is mentioned in the 膧诲颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺 is not acceptable for the present author.

3. 痴测辞尘补惫补迟墨峁璱办腻 of 痴测辞尘补艣颈惫补 is one of the important works of Vai艣e峁�ika philosophy. The nature of liberation and its refutation as found in the 痴测辞尘补惫补迟墨峁璱办腻 of 痴测辞尘补艣颈惫补 are also found in the 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 of Prabh膩candra.痴测辞尘补艣颈惫补 belonged to 7 century A.D. So, Prabh膩candra belongs later.

4. 艢膩ka峁�膩yana, a follower of Jainism is the author of 艢腻办补峁�穆也共圆贡共饽灏觳拱�补峁嘺, Kevalibhukti and 艢迟谤墨尘耻办迟颈辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺. He wrote a commentary on 艢腻办补峁�穆也共圆贡共饽灏觳拱�补峁嘺 by the name of 础尘辞驳丑惫峁泃迟颈. This commentary was written in the time of the king 础尘辞驳丑补惫补谤峁�a. The time of king 础尘辞驳丑补惫补谤峁�a was between 814 A.D. to 877 A.D. Prabh膩candra mentioned 艢迟谤墨尘耻办迟颈辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 of 艢膩ka峁�膩yana in his famous logical works 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 and 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补. From that point, it can be said that Prabh膩candra cannot belong earlier than 9 century A.D.

5. One of the most famous works on Ny膩ya philosophy is 狈测腻测补尘补帽箩补谤墨 of Jayantabha峁�峁璦. In 狈测腻测补尘补帽箩补谤墨, Jayantabha峁�峁璦 explains 碍腻谤补办补蝉腻办补濒测补惫腻诲补. This 碍腻谤补办补蝉腻办补濒测补惫腻诲补 is refuted by Prabh膩candra in his 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补. Jayantabha峁�峁璦 mentioned the name of V膩caspati 惭颈艣谤补, the author of 罢腻迟辫补谤测补峁�墨k腻 and 狈测腻测补蝉奴肠墨苍颈产补苍诲丑补 in his work. V膩caspati 惭颈艣谤补 completed 狈测腻测补蝉奴肠墨苍颈产补苍诲丑补 in 841 A.D. For that reason, Jayantabha峁�峁璦 must belong to 9 century A.D. So, Prabh膩candra鈥檚 date must be later than 9 century A.D.

6. Devasena is one of the great historical authors or followers of Jainism. He was the writer of famous work called 顿补谤艣补苍补蝉腻谤补. He completed this work in 933 A.D. After that he wrote another work 叠丑腻惫补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 in 940 A.D. In 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补, Prabh膩candra mentioned a 艣濒辞办补 from 叠丑腻惫补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 in connection with explaining the 碍别惫补濒腻丑腻谤补惫颈肠腻谤补. If Prabh膩candra鈥檚 date is taken to be earlier than 9 century A.D., then this reference to 叠丑腻惫补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 will not possible.

7. Abhayanandi, one of the famous authors of Jainism has written 闯补颈苍别苍诲谤补尘补丑腻惫峁泃迟颈, which is a work on 闯补颈苍别苍诲谤补惫测腻办补谤补峁嘺 in 960 A.D. 艢补产诲腻尘产丑辞箩补产丑腻蝉办补谤补 (a work on 闯补颈苍别苍诲谤补惫测腻办补谤补峁嘺) was written by Prabh膩candra. On this ground, Prabh膩candra was later than 960 A.D.

8. 艢谤墨诲丑补谤补 is one of the famous authors of Vai艣e峁�ika philosophy. He wrote a commentary on 笔谤补艣补蝉迟补辫腻诲补产丑腻峁�y补 called 狈测腻测补办补苍诲补濒墨 in 991 A.D. In 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补, Prabh膩candra mentioned the Vai艣e峁�ika work 狈测腻测补办补苍诲补濒墨 while explaining the nature of liberation. So, Prabh膩candra cannot be earlier than 艢谤墨诲丑补谤补.

9. V膩dir膩ja, the famous author and follower of Jainism was the writer of 笔腻谤艣惫补肠补谤颈迟补. V膩dir膩ja completed this work in 1025 A.D. He composed a commentary 狈测腻测补惫颈苍颈艣肠补测补惫颈惫补谤补峁嘺 on 狈测腻测补惫颈苍颈艣肠补测补辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 of Akala峁卥a. V膩dir膩ja does not mention Prabh膩candra and his work 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 in his 笔腻谤艣惫补肠补谤颈迟补. This implies that Prabh膩candra was later than V膩dir膩ja. Hence, Prabh膩candra鈥檚 date must be later than 1025 A.D.

10. 厂测腻诲惫腻诲补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补, the famous work of Jainism was written by V膩didevas奴ri in 1118 A.D. He mentioned this famous logical work 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 in his work. Hence, Prabh膩candra was earlier than V膩didevas奴ri.

11. Malli峁�e峁嘺 is one of the Jaina philosophers. He was the author of 厂测腻诲惫腻诲补尘补帽箩补谤墨, which was completed in 1293 A.D. In 厂测腻诲惫腻诲补尘补帽箩补谤墨, he mentioned Prabh膩candra and his work 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补. So, Prabh膩candra was earlier than Malli峁�e峁嘺.

12. Hemacandra is the most versatile Jaina writer. He belonged to 12th century. The 笔谤补尘腻峁嘺尘墨尘腻峁僺腻 is a valuable work on Jaina logic by Hemacandra. Hemacandra mentioned 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 and his author Prabh膩candra in his work. From that point of view Prabh膩candra was earlier than Hemacandra.

13. Another author of Ny膩ya philosophy is Abhinavadharmabh奴峁�a峁嘺. He has written 狈测腻测补诲墨辫颈办腻 in 1384 A.D. He mentioned 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 and his author Prabh膩candra in his work. Hence, Prabh膩candra鈥檚 date cannot be later than that of Abhinavadharmabh奴峁�a峁嘺.

From foregoing discussions, it is evident that Prabh膩candra does not belong earlier than 11 century A.D. and later than 12 century A.D. In the absence of more definite information it be surmised that Prabh膩candra belonged to the later part of 11 century A.D. or earlier part of 12 century A.D.

Works of Prabh膩candra:

Prabh膩candra is the author of 笔谤补尘别测补办补尘补濒补尘腻谤迟补峁囜笉补 which is one of the most important works on Jaina philosophy. Prabh膩candra wrote a book called Prabhavakacarita, in which the life histories of the Jaina philosophers are discussed.

It contains a biography of twenty-two Jaina philosophers starting from Vajrasv膩mi (4 century A.D.), Siddhasena 顿颈惫腻办补谤补 (5 century A.D.) to Hemacandra (12 century A.D.) Another important work of Prabh膩candra is 狈测腻测补办耻尘耻诲补肠补苍诲谤补 which is a commentary on 尝辞驳丑墨测补蝉迟谤补测补 of Akala峁卥a. Other works of Prabh膩candra鈥檚 are: 膧谤腻诲丑补苍腻办补迟丑腻办辞艣补 (a commentary on 膧谤腻诲丑补苍腻蝉补迟办补迟丑腻辫谤补产补苍诲丑补), 膧谤腻诲丑补苍腻辫补帽箩颈办腻 (a commentary on 叠丑补驳补惫补迟墨腻谤腻诲丑补苍腻), 罢补迟迟惫腻谤迟丑补惫峁泃迟颈辫补诲补惫颈惫补谤补峁嘺 (a commentary on 厂补谤惫腻谤迟丑补蝉颈诲诲丑颈 of Pujyap膩da), 艢腻办补峁�穆也共圆共圆饽宀醪� (a commentary on 艢腻办补峁�穆也共圆贡共饽灏觳拱�补峁嘺 of 艢膩ka峁�膩yana), 艢补产诲腻尘产丑辞箩补产丑腻蝉办补谤补 (a work on 闯补颈苍别苍诲谤补惫测腻办补谤补峁嘺), 笔谤补惫补肠补苍补蝉腻谤补蝉补谤辞箩补产丑腻蝉办补谤补 (a commentary on 笔谤补惫补肠补苍补蝉腻谤补 of Kundakunda) and 骋补诲测补办补迟丑腻办辞艣补. These commentaries are very voluminous and deal with the Jaina system in details.