Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes two kinds of cognition (upayoga) which is verse 2.9 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 9 of the chapter Category of the Living and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 2.9 - Two kinds of cognition (upayoga)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha 蝉奴迟谤补 2.9:
啶� 啶︵啶掂た啶掂た啶о啶洁し啷嵿啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷嵿き啷囙う啶� 啷� 啷�.啷� 啷�
sa dvividho'峁ａ弓acaturbheda岣� || 2.9 ||
Cognition (upayoga) is of two kinds. And these, in turn, are of eight and four kinds, respectively. (9)
Hindi Anvayarth:
啶呧え啷嵿さ啶ぞ啶班啶�: [啶膏] 啶掂す 啶夃お啶啶� [啶︵啶掂た啶掂た啶о] 啶溹啶炧ぞ啶ㄠ啶く啷嬥 啶斷ぐ 啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶ㄠ啶く啷嬥 啶曕 啶啶� 啶膏 啶︵ 啶啶班啶距ぐ 啶曕ぞ 啶灌, 啶斷ぐ 啶掂 啶曕啶班ぎ啶多 [啶呧し啷嵿 啶氞い啷佮 啶啶︵] 啶嗋 啶斷ぐ 啶氞ぞ啶� 啶啶� 啶膏す啶苦い 啶灌啶� 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距い啷� 啶溹啶炧ぞ啶ㄠ啶く啷嬥 啶曕 啶い啶�, 啶多啶班啶�, 啶呧さ啶оた, 啶え啶冟お啶班啶く, 啶曕啶掂げ (啶す 啶ぞ啶佮 啶膏ぎ啷嵿く啶椸啶溹啶炧ぞ啶�) 啶斷ぐ 啶曕啶い啶�, 啶曕啶多啶班啶� 啶むぅ啶� 啶曕啶呧さ啶оた (啶す 啶む啶� 啶た啶ム啶ぞ啶溹啶炧ぞ啶�) 啶囙じ 啶啶班啶距ぐ 啶嗋 啶啶� 啶灌啶傕イ 啶むぅ啶� 啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶ㄠ啶く啷嬥 啶曕 啶氞啷嵿し啷�, 啶呧啶曕啶粪, 啶呧さ啶оた 啶むぅ啶� 啶曕啶掂げ 啶囙じ 啶啶班啶距ぐ 啶氞ぞ啶� 啶啶� 啶灌啶傕イ 啶囙じ 啶啶班啶距ぐ 啶溹啶炧ぞ啶� 啶曕 啶嗋 啶斷ぐ 啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶� 啶曕 啶氞ぞ啶� 啶啶� 啶た啶侧啶� 啶夃お啶啶� 啶曕 啶曕啶� 啶ぞ啶班す 啶啶�
Anvayartha: [sah] vaha upayoga [dvividhah] jnanopayoga aura darshanopayoga ke bheda se do prakara ka hai, aura ve kramashah [ashta catuh bhedah] atha aura cara bheda sahita haim arthat jnanopayoga ke mati, shruta, avadhi, manahparyaya, kevala (yaha pamca samyagjnana) aura kumati, kushruta tatha kuavadhi (yaha tina mithyajnana) isa prakara atha bheda haim | tatha darshanopayoga ke cakshu, acakshu, avadhi tatha kevala isa prakara cara bheda haim | isa prakara jnana ke atha aura darshana ke cara bheda milakara upayoga ke kula baraha bheda
Explanation in English from 膧c膩rya P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi:
The divisions of cognition (upayoga) are described next.
Cognition (upayoga) is of two kinds:
- knowledge-cognition (箩帽腻苍辞- payoga) and
- perception-cognition (诲补谤艣补苍辞辫补测辞驳补).
Knowledge-cognition (箩帽腻苍辞辫补测辞驳补) is of eight kinds:
- sensory knowledge鈥�尘补迟颈箩帽腻苍补,
- scriptural knowledge鈥�艣谤耻迟补箩帽腻苍补,
- 肠濒补颈谤惫辞测补苍肠别鈥�补惫补诲丑颈箩帽腻苍补,
- 迟别濒别辫补迟丑测鈥�尘补苍补岣补谤测补测补箩帽腻苍补,
- 辞尘苍颈蝉肠颈别苍肠别鈥�办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补,
- wrong sensory knowledge鈥�尘补迟测补箩帽腻苍补, kumati,
- wrong scriptural knowledge鈥�艣谤耻迟腻箩帽腻苍补, 办耻艣谤耻迟补, and
- wrong 肠濒补颈谤惫辞测补苍肠别鈥�惫颈产丑补峁単补箩帽腻苍补.
Perception-cognition (诲补谤艣补苍辞辫补测辞驳补) is of four kinds:
- ocular perception鈥�肠补办峁诲补谤艣补苍补,
- non-ocular perception鈥�补肠补办峁-诲补谤艣补苍补,
- clairvoyant perception鈥�补惫补诲丑颈诲补谤艣补苍补, and
- omniscient perception鈥�办别惫补濒补诲补谤艣补苍补.
How are these, knowledge and perception, different? Knowledge-cognition (箩帽腻苍辞辫补测辞驳补) is with details and, therefore, called 蝉腻办腻谤补 or savikalpa. Perception-cognition (诲补谤艣补苍辞辫补测辞驳补) is without details and, therefore, called 苍颈谤惫颈办腻谤补 or nirvikalpa or 蝉腻尘腻苍测腻惫补濒辞办补苍补. These occur in succession in ordinary souls (non-omniscient souls), but occur simultaneously in those who have annihilated karmas.
Though perception occurs first, knowledge being more worthy is mentioned first in the 蝉奴迟谤补. Earlier, five kinds of right knowledge (蝉补尘测补驳箩帽腻苍补) have been mentioned. But here, three kinds of wrong knowledge are also mentioned as this is the section dealing with cognition (upayoga), in general.