Morphologically Marked Javanese and Indonesian Verbs in Syntax
Journal name: Acta Orientalia
Original article title: Morphologisch markierte jawanische und indonesische verben
ACTA ORIENTALIA is a journal focused on the study of Oriental languages, history, archaeology, and religions from ancient times to the present. The journal includes articles reviewed by a senior scholar in the relevant field.
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Original source:
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Hans Herrfurth
Acta Orientalia:
(Founded in 1922 and published annually)
Full text available for: Morphologisch markierte jawanische und indonesische verben
Year: 1978 | Doi: 10.5617/ao.5123
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The text discusses a syntactic feature found in both older and modern Javanese, which pertains to the typical positioning of morphologically marked verbs in object and subject roles. It highlights the polysemy of morphologically unmarked units leading to a syntactic polyfunctionality, supported by originally possessive pronominal enclitics and a specialized suffix that appears solely in third-person deixis.
Conclusion
While acknowledging the contentious nature of the term "passive" in relation to Javanese and Indonesian, the author maintains its use due to the lack of a better alternative, indicating that a comprehensive replacement term would need to be established in a separate work. The discussion emphasizes how the morphological markings on verbs enable a transformation of originally predicate-like statements into object and subject-oriented constructions, signifying an intricate relationship between syntax and morphology in these languages.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the syntactic feature discussed in Javanese and Indonesian verbs?
The text highlights a syntactic feature in Javanese and Indonesian where morphologically marked verbs can appear in object and subject positions, indicating a change in their syntactic valency.
What are the morphological markers for passive and state forms?
Morphological markers include passive-affixes such as di- and ke-, state-form infix -um-, and the possessive enclitics, which allow verbs to shift positions while maintaining their verbal meaning.
Glossary definitions and references:
Oriental and Historical glossary list for 鈥淢orphologically Marked Javanese and Indonesian Verbs in Syntax鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of History, Linguistics, Religion, Philosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
1) Polysemie:
Polysemie refers to the phenomenon where a single word or phrase has multiple meanings. In the context of morphologically marked Javanese and Indonesian verbs, it leads to syntactic polyfunctionality, allowing the same verb to take on different syntactic roles. [Polysemie]
2) Infix:
An infix is a morpheme inserted inside a word to alter its meaning or grammatical function. The text mentions an Infix '-um-', used in Javanese verbs to form a specific kind of state. [Infix]
3) 笔谤盲辫辞蝉颈迟颈辞苍补濒辫丑谤补蝉别:
This term does not appear in the given excerpt and thus cannot be defined in this context. [see source text or glossary: Pr盲positionalphrase]
4) drittpersoniger:
The term 'drittpersoniger' refers to third-person deixis, indicating that in the discussed verbs, certain suffixes, like '-ing', appear only in third-person contexts. [drittpersoniger]
5) Affixe:
Affixe, or affixes in English, are morphemes added to a word鈥檚 stem to modify its meaning or grammatical function. The text discusses various affixes like di-, ke-, ka-, etc., that play roles in forming passive or state forms in Javanese and Indonesian verbs. [Affixe]
6) Kausativ:
This term does not appear in the given excerpt and thus cannot be defined in this context. [see source text or glossary: Kausativ]
7) Suffix:
A suffix is a morpheme added to the end of a word to alter its meaning or function. The text mentions suffixes like '-ing', which specialize in possessive pronominal usage in third-person contexts, modifying verbs. [Suffix]
8) Enklitika:
Enklitika, or clitic, refers to a morphologically dependent form added to a host word. In the text, possessive pronominal enclitics like -ku, -mu, and -e modify verbs to mark them syntactically for passive or subjective positions. [Enklitika]
9) 笔谤盲诲颈办补迟:
This term does not appear explicitly in the given excerpt and thus cannot be defined in this context. [see source text or glossary: Pr盲dikat]