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attack in the temple. The enclosures were probably used for the defensive purposes in medieval period. There is no any authentic historical evidence to when the outer as well as the inner walls were built. prove The Gateways: There are four gates erected on all four sides of the both inner and outer enclosures of the Jagannatha temple. The outer enclosure is provided with large gates on the four cardinal directions. The eastern entrance of the outer enclosure is called Si峁僪adv膩ra or the Lion's gate. The entrances on the southern, western and northern sides of the outer enclosure are known as Asvadv膩ra, Vy膩ghradv膩ra or Khanjadv膩ra and Hastidv膩ra respectively. All the entrance porchs in the four cardinal directions of the outer enclosure are constructed in same designed pi岣峢膩 order structures. The eastern entrance is being considered as the most important and it is flanked on both sides by two colossal crouching lions. All the four gates have been named after the respective protective animals. The large gateways on each side of the enclosure walls (both inner and outer) are lavishly ornamented and their architraves contain the navagraha reliefs. Some standing female figures have been fixed above the gateway lintels of all side entrance porchs of the outer enclosure of the temple. All the gateways are also depicted with small images of 艢iva, Vi峁ａ箛u, Hanum膩na, Durg膩, Narasi峁僪a etc. The deities are provided with lower garments and waist band adorned with vertical stripes. Ornaments like bangles, armlets, necklaces, ear rings and mukutas adorn the deities. 32 According to Percy Brown these gateways, although substantial structures with pyramidal roof, bear no resemblance to the gopuram type of the South Indian temples, but the principle of such architectural entrances and the additional enclosed area is analogous to the arrangement of pr膩k膩ra ms, which about this time was the main characteristic of the Dr膩vi岣峚 temples.53 The Aru峁嘺 pillar 52 In front of the main entrance to the eastern gateway, there is the
beautiful Aru峁嘺 pillar, which was originally installed before the Sun temple of
Ko峁嚹乺ka and was shifted to the present place by the Marath膩s in the early part of
98