Essay name: Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri
Author:
Ratnakar Mohapatra
Affiliation: Sambalpur University / Department of History
This essay studies the Temples of Purushottama Kshetra (Puri) which is renowned for its historic and religious significance, situated in Orissa (Odisha) by the Bay of Bengal. Purusottama-ksetra is famous for the Lord Jagannatha temple and numerous smaller temples, it showcases the distinctive Kalinga architectural style.
Chapter 2 - Characteristics features of Orissan Temples
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External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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The flower Ketaka shown in one of the hands of Pārvati in the early temples but it changed to lotus in the later templės. In the place of Pārvatī Mahisamardinī appears as the pārśvadevatā in some temples. Apart from appearing as pārsvadevatā, this image also occurs separately on the walls of the temples. These images have chronological significance so far as the treatment of the buffalo-demon is concerned. In the earlier temples the goddess is shown killing the demon, which is a buffalo headed human figure. In the later temples, the demon is depicted as issuing out of the decapitated body of the buffalo. In the most cases the goddess has eight hands. The other variations noticed in Mahisamardini images on the temples have no chronological significance. Surya Images:- In Orissan art, Surya is shown in human form besides being represented by means of lotus flower. The extant images of Surya can be divided into three principal groups viz: (1) in standing or seated pose without a chariot,(2) Surya is depicted without its lower part and (3) Seated or standing form with a chariot. One of the earliest reliefs of Surya is noticed on the Parśurāmeśvara temple where the god is represented without the chariot. He holds lotus in his two hands and is shown with the Northerner' dress. The beautiful figure of Surya in the lower caitya window of Vaitāḷa temple is depicted with Usha and Pratyusa on either side or Aruṇa as charioteer in the front. The lower portion of the god has not been carved. The seated representations of Surya hail from Mukteśvara, Khiching and other places. The figure of Surya, placed as a pārsvadevatä on the western niche of the Varāhī temple at Caurāsī, with Daṇḍa and Pingala on either side, is a remarkable specimen of the seated type. The extant standing varieties of Surya from Champanātha, several accessory figures are shown. The lotus carrying god has a coat of mail on the chest but in still later representations, this feature disappears and the composition becomes more elaborate with addition of subsidiary figures. The large size images of the god Surya placed as pārsvadevatās in Koṇārka Sun temple are remarkable for their iconography and superb workmanship. Surya in the form of riding a horse, as seen in the northern niche of 66
