Temples of Munnur (Historical Study)
by R. Muthuraman | 2016 | 67,784 words
This essay represents a historical study of the Temples in and around Munnur, situated in the Dakshina Kannada district in the state Karnataka (India). Munnur is regarded as an important religious city for the followers of both Shaivism and Vaishnavism. The ancient history of Munnur traces to the reign of the Chola, from whom the city derives it's ...
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Provincial Administration
The head of a mandala was the viceroy or governor who was either a close relative of the King or a descendant of its dispossessed royal house. He had a large number of officials under him to look after the administration. For the administrative convenience, the extensive Chola empire was divided into several mandalas or provinces, valanadu or districts, Kottams or taluks and finally gramas or villages. During the early period there was only one mandalam called Cholasmandalam. In due course of time, Thondaimandalam was added. These mandalams were divided into valanadus. The Valanadus were divided into nadus.[1] This administrative system was also followed by the Pandyas.[2] A change under took place under the Vijayanagara rulers.[3]
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
A.R.E.,70 of 1919.
[2]:
[3]:
E.I Vol. XXI, No. 17; and also S.I.I., Vol. No. 5, Nos. 293, 296, 300, 301 and 302.