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The following four or five years of the reign of Jayasimha were devoid of any major political troubles and spent in comparative ease. Gulhana, his eldest son, had been posted at Lohara, as noted above, and Gayapala, son of the valiant Sanjapala, was placed at the head of the armed forces. The blessings of peace are manifest in the numerous acts of charity, piety and considerable building activites on the part of the King, his queens and the high officers of the State? At the same time, these years also witnessed several administrative reforms at the instance of Dhanya, who had been raised to the office of the Prefect of the City (Nagaradhikrita) It appears that, during the tumultous days of the struggle for the crown and revolts of the refractory elements, the economy of the Valley had been hit very hard. Dhanya reintroduced 'the use of cash' (dinnaravyavahara) in all 1. Rajatarangini by Kalhana, II, viii, 3310-15. 2. Ibid., II, viii, 3322. 3. Ibid., II, viii, 3316-21, 3343-69. 4. Ibid., II, viii, 3334. 5. Ibid., II, viii, 3334-35.

459 'commercial transactions' and seems to have discouraged barter-system in the large-scale sale and purchase of commodities! He also tried to raise the standard of morality in the Valley by imposing fines on persons who were found guilty of licentious habits and his hand seems to have fallen rather heavily on dancing girls and women of easy virtue as well? By setting up his personal example of honesty and economy, he encouraged the officers of the State to infuse amongst the masses a sense of social security and confidence? Jayasimha had several sons and daughters The sons are stated to have been virtuous and intelligent while the daughters were given in marriages to different chiefs, no doubt with a view to ensure internal peace and amity? The King also helped his sons-in-law in their wars against hostile elements and maintained cordial relations with them through frequent exchanges of presents? Kalhana's narrative ends at this stage when Jayasimha had ruled for 22 years. According to 1. Rajatarangini by Kalhana, II, viii, 3335. 2. Ibid., II, viii, 3336-38. 3. Ibid., II, viii, 3339, 3341. Ibid., II, viii, 3371 ff., 3380. Ibid II, viii, 3393-94. 4. 5 6. Ibid., II, viii, 3396-97. 7. Ibid II, viii, 3404.

460 Jonaraja, he ruled for another five years during which period he undertook a successful expedition against an unknown Muslim (Turushka, Yavana) ruler? He was assisted in this venture by Malla, the ruler of Trigarta, and, as Jonaraja puts it, that chief was largely responsible for the defeat and surrender of the Muslim (Yavana) King. to Jayasimha? Jayasimha's rule came to an end in 1154-55 A.D. After the sad and dismal extinction of the Shahis, scholars and artists from various parts of northWestern and northern India had sought refuge in Kashmir and received his liberal patronage? Though a major portion of his reign of 27 years was full of wars and strifes, it was blessed with prosperity, security and internal peace towards the closing years of his reign. 1. Rajatarangini by Kalhana, (Jonaraja), Verses, 30-34. 2. Ibid., Verse, 32, ff. 3. Rajatarangini by Kalhana II, viii, 3343, 3354; cf. also I, p. 129.