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combined testimonies these two nations "ruled over nearly the
whole of North India from the river Beas in the Punjab to the
34 eastern frontier of India beyond the Ganges". The testimonies
of these writers are so ambiguous that "it is not easy to determine
the precise boundary line between the Gangaridal proper and the
people styled the Prasioi who had their capital at Pataliputra.
The evidence of Ptolemy suggests that in his days, or in those
of the writers on whom he relies, the kingdom, of which Pataliputra
was the royal residence, apparently extended as far as the Ganges
35 and may have included Tamralipti The Gangaridai lay beyond
this territory. The exact political relationship between the
Prasiol and the Gangaridal in the days of Alexander is not free
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from a certain amount of ambiguity.
From the accounts of the Greek and Latin writers it appears
that at the time of Alexander's invasion in India Prasioi or
Prachya (i.e., the eastern country) and Gangaridal or the Ganga-
rashtra (i.e. the Ganga-desa) were ruled by a king named Agremmes
or Augrasainya (Indian synonym Ugrasener putra i.e. the son of
37 Urgasena. Alexander's army heard of the wealth and vast army
of the son of Urgrasena and they did not dare to proceed further
34掳 Ibid.
Majumdar (Ed.), op.cit., Vol. 1, p. 43
35.
Italies are mine.
36.
37.
Malti, P., Studies in Ancient India, P. 116 (Quoted
from the Journal of Bihar & Orissa Research Society) ;
Ray, N.R., Bangalir Itihas, (Adi Parva), Vol. - 1. p. 463