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The sacred complex of Billeswar Devalaya (study)

by Rajesh Kakati | 2019 | 72,486 words

This essay studies the sacred complex of Billeswar Devalaya by exploring the historical, cultural, and religious significance of this ancient shrine in Assam (northeastern India). It emphasizes how this temple, also known as Billbeshwar Devaloy, functions as a focal point of faith and tradition for the surrounding communities. The research further ...

Part 3 - Historicity of Billeswar Devalaya

The Billeswar Devalaya and its history have no any coherent linkage. The history is cloudy of which records cannot be traced out from any kind of authentic sources. It is only supposed to have erected during 6th century by a Sudra king namely Nagakhya or Nagsankar owing to a legend who ruled Pratapgarh near Biswanath Chariali Sonitpur district as a part of the ancient Kamrup. 

Its ancientness is conjectured on the basis of a sloka which was composed anonymously for the Devalaya:

Aadou Rama Tapo Veda Arbi Chandra Sake Tatha/
Nirmitang Ihamalayang Sri Sri Nagakhya Bhupate/

The above quoted sloka indicates the time of Nagakhya which is 471 AD derived from the numbers of Veda, Sagar, Rama pronounced in the sloka. The sloka exists in stone inscription partly in Pali and Pakrit script found in the Devalaya premise. Though some scholars attempt to provide the time of its erection; it could not be affirmed due to lack of proper historical evidences. The antiquity of the Devalaya can be conjectured from its name. It is said to be derived from a hillock Bilwashri mentioned in Jogini Tantra. Bilweswar is the corrupt form of Binneswar (Binna+Ishyar=Bilweswar). ‘Binnaâ€� is the colloquial form of ‘Birina-a kind of long grass growing at low landâ€� which is pronounced so even today by the majority people of lower Assam. A legend is associated with the formation of word. The tamed cow of Rup Narayan Dev, a Brahmin had to give milk upon a place atop a hillock surrounded by ‘Binnaâ€� of whose fact was discovered by following up a host of cowherds. When the place was cleaned, A Shivlinga-phallus was seen by the Brahmin. He started to worship the phallus of which legendary significance was spread throughout the territories of different kingdoms. 

The patronizing kings were:

  1. Debeswara, 
  2. Nagakhya, 
  3. Prithyu or Jalpis or Jalpeswara
  4. Sandhya
  5. Sindhurai, 
  6. Simhadhaj
  7. Pratapdhaj
  8. Durlavnarayana
  9. Indranarayana, 
  10. Nilambara
  11. Naranarayana, 
  12. Pratapsimha, 
  13. Sivasimha and 
  14. Laksmisimha.

The historical background may be narrated in brief as follows. This is a small temple built of bricks in north Indian style and is situated at Belsor, a small urban centre about 8 kms South-west of Nalbari town. The tradition says that Rupnarayan, a Brahmana of Deuripara noticed that one of his cows was regularly giving her milk on a thick growth of reed (Birina). His search led to the discovery of a Sivalinga at the spot. The shrine therefore came to be known as Bilweswar said to have derived from Binneswara (binna meaning ‘reed�). The original temple is said to have been built by king Nagakhya of unknown genealogy in 1443 Saka (1521 AD). It was improved by Dharmapala, the successor of Nagakhya. It is claimed that king Naranarayana made arrangements for the worship of the deity and management of the temple. The stone inscription of the temple, however, records that the present temple was built by the Ahom king Lakshmisimha in Saka 1689 (1767 AD). Earlier to this king, Sivasimha provided the shrine with grants of land and men in 1667 Saka (1745 AD) and made proper arrangement of management of the temple. (Adhikary: 2008: 14)

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