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10. The Genealogy of Mandana, the Jain Prime-Minister of Hoshang Ghori of Malwa鈥擝etween A. D. 1405 and 1432# In a paper contributed by me to the Jaina Antiquary (Vol. XI, No. 77, pp. 25-34) on "Mandana, the Prime Minister of Malwa and his Works" I have assigned this Jain author to the period A. D. 1400 to 1432 on the following grounds :- (1) Mss of Mandana's works and are dated Samvat 1504 = A. D. 1448.' (2) almasahi or alamasahi, the patron of Mandana has been identified by me with T or Hoshang Ghori, who ruled Malwa between A. D. 1405 and 1432 or so. Since the above paper was sent for publication I have discovered the following chronological evidence in support of my chronology for Mandana and his works:- (1) Prof. H. D. Velankar in his for Catalogus Catalogorum of Jain Mss that is now being published by the B. O. R. Institute, Poona, makes the following entry about an author dhanadarajah- "satakatraya (niti, vairagya and srngara ) by dhanadaraja samghapati, son of dehada-- Chani. 69; PAPR. 18 (19); PAZB 1 (8; 29-MS dated Samvat 1504); 23 (8-MS dated Samvat 1504)." It is evident from the above entry that MSS of the this author a were copied in Samvat 1504 (= A. D. 1448) the very year in which the MSS of Mandana's srngaramandana and kavyamandanam were copied. Let us now see if has any connection with the Prime-Minister of Almsahi of Malwa. I have already pointed out in my paper on Mandana that his father bahada was a samghapati connected with the kharatataranvaya and that he Jaina Antiquary, Vol. IX, No. 77, pp. 91-94. 1. Vide mandanagranthasamgraha (kavya-mandana-srmngaramandanau ) ed by Prabhudasa and Vira-Candra, Patan, 1919 (No. 17). 64

himself was a fa like his father and a devout follower of Jain religion as he calls himself "srimadvandyajinendra nirbharanateh kaveh . Mandana further gives us the following information about his family :- (1) was his grand-father. (2) jhamjhana had six sons :- - 1 (i) cahada, (ii) bahada, (iii) dehada, (iv) padma, (v) pahuraja and (vi) kolabhaksa (?). ' (3) as in the above list was Mandana's father. Unfortunately Mandana does not record the names of his cousins, the sons of cahada, bahada, deha s etc. This deficiency has, however, been partially made up by the entry regarding the satakatraya of dhanadaraja, son of dehada . I am inclined to identify dehada, the father of samghapati dhanadaraja, with Mandana's uncle. The title a appears to have been held by many members of the family as mandana calls himself samghapati . He also calls his father samghesvara (or samghapati ). dhanadaraja was also a samghapati and MSS of his satakatraya were copied at mandapadurga in A. D. 1448, the very year in which the MSS of Mandana's works were copied. dhanadaraja composed his satakatraya ' at Mandapadurga or Mandu fort in Samvat 1490 = A. D. 1434. This date confirms my chronology for Mandana viz. A. D. 1405 to 1432, a period during which his patron Hoshang Ghori ruled Malwa. Both these cousins Hand were men of literary taste and ability and if one of them composed a work in A. D. 1434 the chronology of the other cousin's works may be safely assigned to the period, A. D. 1405-1432, as determined by me already on the strength of probable evidence, which now gets confirmed by the date of cviz. A. D. 1434. The genealogy of Mandana's family may now be reconstructed as follows:- 1. Ed. in Kavyamala, 13 (N. S. Press, Bombay). Vide p. 318 of Classical Sans. Literature by Krishnamachariar, 1937 -"Dhanadaraja, son of Dehala, wrote three Satakas like Bhartrhari in 1434 A. D." 8.1.L.H. 5

66. STUDIES IN INDIAN LITERARY HISTORY jhamjhana (of srimalavamsa ) Sons cahada bahada (samghesvara ) I dehada padma | pahuraja (jainendra dharmasritah ) kolabhaksa son (samghapati ) mandana author of kavyamandana, sungaramandana (Mss of A.D. 1448) son dhanadaraja (composed satakatraya in A.D. 1434) (samghapati ) and sarasvatamandana (Ms of A. D. 1575) and samgitamandana and mahapradhana of almasahi of Malwa (Hoshang Ghori'-A. D. 1405-1432) -Ms of A. D. 1448. In the following stanzas we find Mandana recording his ministership with almasahi, his Jain faith, his srimalavamsa, and his father's name :MSS of sarasvatamandana (B. O. R. Institute, Poona ) No. 675 of 1891-95, fol. 17 a and No. 13 of 1877-78, folio 17- "savigrahanamubhaye svaranamiti prakrtya sahasahasanam | srimandanah subhavidalmasahimahapradhano vyadadharasusamdhin || sadyah samdra jinemdra sumdara padadvamdvaprasadodbhava- dbhuyobhista pumarthasarthakajanuh srimalamalamanih | soyam sonagiranvayah kharatarah sribahadasyatmajah srisarasvatamamdanam racayati ksmamamdanam mamdanah || " Udayaraja', a court-poet of Mahamuda Begda, Sultan of Gujarat, composed a poem in praise of his patron called the rajavinoda . In this poem he refers to the confinement and release of alpakhana ' ( = almasahi, patron of mandana ) or Hoshang Ghori of Malwa as follows: 1. Cf. Ain-i-Akbari (Tr. by Jarrett, Vol. II, 1891). p. 218 - "Alp Khan, son of Dilawar Khan was elected to the succession under the title of Hoshang.........Sultan Muzaffer of Gujarat marched against him." 2. Vide pp. 101-115 of Journal of the Bombay University, Vol. IX, Part 2, Sept. 1940. (My paper on the Rajavinoda of Udayaraja). 3. Ibid, p. 105, foot-note 1.

" mumoca bamdikrtamalpasanamanalpaviryam balavattaroyah | vamsastato malavarajabamdimoksam padakhyam virudam vahanti || " 67 This confinement and release was carried out by Muzaffer, Sultan of Gujarat (A. D. 1392-1410) sometime about A. D. 1409. rajavinoda poem was composed between A. D. 1458 and 1469 d for Hoshang Ghori recorded by Udayaraja. The and consequently the use of the name is earlier than the use of the name The students of the history of Malwa should investigate and determine the exact period of Mandana's Prime-ministership and the influence exercised by this Jain Prime-minister on the policy of Hoshang Ghori. This association of a Jain auf with a Muslim ruler of Malwa in the first half of the 15 th century is as interesting as it is instructive. Mandana refers to his Muslim patron in glowing terms in his kavya mandana and samgaramandana, as also in his sarasvatamandana . The MS of Mandana's samgitamandana is not available to me and hence I am unable to say what information it contains about its author and his Muslim patron.