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188
啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啷� - [pur膩峁嘺m - ] 笔鲍搁膧狈础
[Vol. VI., No. 1
metaphysical truth. The number of such Vidyas is large and it
would not be possible to do justice to the available material
without venturing upon a comprehensive volume. In this paper
we propose only to take some of them.
1. Trideva-Vidya
The doctrine of three Devas, Brahm膩, Vishnu and Siva is
the quintessence of Puranic cosmogonical thought and the writers
emphasise in a thousand places the trinitarian aspect of cosmic
creation. The three Devas represent a triadic pattern of the
widest significance for which abundant material is offered by the
Puranic texts. In short they evolve a dictum stating that what
in Yaj帽a is symbolised by Three Fires corresponds to the symbo-
lism of the Three Devas for the sake of cult worship, the Three
Gunas in the sphere of philosophy and the Three Vedas in the
realm of Word or Knowledge:
啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶侧�嬥�曕ぞ 啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶椸�佮ぃ啶距�� 啷�
啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶掂�囙う啶� 啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷嬥そ啶椸�嵿え啶�啶� 啷�
啶�啶班じ啷嵿お啶班ぞ啶ㄠ�嵿さ啶�啶� 啶灌�嵿く啷囙い啷� 啶�啶班じ啷嵿お啶班ぎ啶ㄠ�佮さ啷嵿ぐ啶むぞ啶� 啷�
啶�啶班じ啷嵿お啶班�囙ぃ 啶掂ぐ啷嵿い啷嵿い啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啷囙ぐ啶�啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� 啶�啶班じ啷嵿お啶班ぎ啷� 啷�
啶呧え啷嵿く啷嬥そ啶ㄠ�嵿く啶� 啶�啶苦ぅ啷佮え啶� 啶灌�嬥い啷� 啶呧え啷嵿く啷嬥え啷嵿く啶�啷佮お啶溹��啶掂た啶ㄠ�� 啷�
啶曕�嵿し啶｀�� 啶掂た啶�啷嬥�椸�� 啶� 啶灌�嵿く啷囙し啶距�� 啶� 啶む�嵿く啶溹え啷嵿い啶� 啶�啶班じ啷嵿お啶班ぎ啷� 啷�
( [eta eva trayo lok膩 eta eva trayo gu峁嚹佱弗 |
eta eva trayo ved膩 eta eva trayo'gnaya岣� |
paraspar膩nvay膩 hyete parasparamanuvrat膩岣� |
paraspare峁嘺 varttante prerayanti parasparam ||
anyo'nya峁� mithun膩 hote anyonyamupaj墨vina岣� |
k峁�a峁嘺峁� viyogo na hye峁Ｄ佱箖 na tyajanti parasparam ||
(] Bmd.-P., Prakriy膩p膩da, 4.9-11;
M膩rk., 46.18ff.)
The Linga Pur膩峁嘺 also has explained this doctrine with
reference to 艢iva :-
啶�啶灌�囙ざ啷嵿さ啶班ぞ啶む�� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶︵�囙さ啶� 啶ㄠ�溹�嵿�炧た啶班�� 啶溹�椸う啷�啶多�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶む�� 啷�
啶多ぞ啶多�嵿さ啶むぞ啶� 啶�啶班ぎ啶� 啶椸�佮す啷嵿く啶距�� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶距い啷嵿ぎ啶距え啶� 啶多ぐ啷�啶班た啶｀�� 啷�
啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶︵�囙さ啶� 啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶椸ぃ啶距�� 啷�
啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶侧�嬥�曕ぞ 啶忇い 啶忇さ 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷嬥そ啶椸�嵿え啶�啶� 啷�
( [mahe艣var膩t trayo dev膩 naj帽ire jagad墨艣var膩t |
艣膩艣vat膩岣� param膩 guhy膩岣� sarv膩tm膩na岣� 艣ar墨ri峁嘺岣� ||
eta eva trayo dev膩 eta eva trayo ga峁嚹佱弗 |
eta eva trayo lok膩 eta eva trayo'gnaya岣� ||
(] Linga-P., 1. 70. 77-78)
Jan., 1964]
*笔鲍搁膧峁咥-痴滨顿驰础
189 The author of the Devi Bhagavata has to his credit a
statement of this doctrine even in more emphatic terms :---
啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶� 啶掂た啶粪�嵿ぃ啷佮ざ啷嵿�� 啶班�佮う啷嵿ぐ啶多�嵿�� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶︵�囙さ啶距�� 啶膏え啶距い啶ㄠぞ啶� 啷�
啶ㄠぞ啶む�� 啶�啶班い啶班�� 啶曕た啶傕�氞た啶︵�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶距ぃ啷嵿ぁ啷囙そ啶膏�嵿ぎ啶苦え啷� 啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶む�� 啷�
啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶� 啶膏�冟�溹い啶� 啶侧�嬥�曕ぞ啶ㄠ�� 啶掂�� 啶掂た啶粪�嵿ぃ啷佮�� 啶�啶距い啷嵿く啶栢た啶侧�� 啶溹�椸い啷� 啷�
啶班�佮う啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶膏�傕す啶班い啷� 啶曕ぞ啶侧�� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶� 啶忇い啷囙そ啶む�嵿�� 啶曕ぞ啶班ぃ啶�啷� ||
啶忇�曕�� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿い啷嵿い啶苦じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶︵�囙さ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶掂た啶粪�嵿ぃ啷佮ぎ啶灌�囙ざ啷嵿さ啶班ぞ啶� 啷�
啶班�溹�冟じ啶む�嵿い啷嵿さ啶むぎ啷嬥き啶苦ざ啷嵿�� 啶膏�傕く啷佮い啶距�� 啶曕ぞ啶班�嵿く啶曕ぞ啶班�曕ぞ啶� ||
( [brahm膩 vi峁ａ箛u艣ca rudra艣ca trayo dev膩岣� san膩tan膩岣� |
n膩ta岣� paratara峁� ki峁僣id brahm膩峁囜笉e'smin mah膩mate |
brahm膩 s峁沯ati lok膩n vai vi峁ａ箛u岣� p膩tyakhila峁� jagat |
rudra岣� sa峁僪arate k膩le traya ete'tra k膩ra峁嘺m ||
ek膩 m奴rttistrayo dev膩 brahmavi峁ａ箛umahe艣var膩岣� |
raja岣�sattvatamobhi艣ca sa峁儁ut膩岣� k膩ryak膩rak膩岣� ||
(] Devi-Bh膩g., 1. 8. 2-4)
The bed-rock of Puranic thought in the realm of philosophy
and religious worship is found in the above triadic conception.
If all the relevant material were brought together and examined,
one would feel how deeply the Purana-writers were influenced
by this basic approach. In fact each Deva or Dev墨 typifies the
unfoldment of a single reality into a trinitarian pattern
of
creativity. This formula was basically Vedic and there is hardly
any other channel in which the flood of Vedic thought was
transmitted with such a tidal flow into the Pur膩峁嘺s as this
trinit-
arian doctrine or Trayi-Vidya of the Vedas. According to the
Satapatha, Surya is the exemplar of the Trayi-Vidya (Saisha
trayyeva vidya tapati, SB. 10. 5. 2, 2). The Trayi
doctrine of
Vedas was constituted of Rik, Yajuh and Sama (trayz
v膩 vidya
These three
Vedas
richo yajumshi s膩m膩ni, SB. 4. 6. 7. 1).
symbolically correspond to three lokas, Prithivi, Antariksha and
Dyauh (imameva lokam richa jayati antariksham yajush膩 divameva
s膩mn膩, 艢B. 4. 6. 7. 1). In its esoteric meaning the
symbolism
of the Trayi Vidy膩 relates to the triple constitution of the
Self
as based on Mind, Life and Matter (etanmayo va ayam 膩tm膩
v膩nmayo manomaya岣� pr膩峁嘺maya岣�, SB. 14. 4. 3. 10; BU. 1. 5. 3).
Vedic metaphysics was a comprehensive doctrine
explaining the
working of the cosmos from many points of view, all
of which
are represented in the doctrine of Yaj帽a. In the Rigveda Yaj帽a
is described as Trivrit :-(imam no agna upa yajnamehi pa帽cha-